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Journal ArticleDOI

Individual Variability in Functional Connectivity Architecture of the Human Brain

TL;DR: Using repeated-measurement resting-state functional MRI to explore intersubject variability in connectivity revealed that regions predicting individual differences in cognitive domains are predominantly located in regions of high connectivity variability.
About: This article is published in Neuron.The article was published on 2013-02-06 and is currently open access. It has received 906 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Brain mapping.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that every individual has a unique pattern of functional connections between brain regions, which act as a fingerprint that can accurately identify the individual from a large group.
Abstract: This study shows that every individual has a unique pattern of functional connections between brain regions. This functional connectivity profile acts as a ‘fingerprint’ that can accurately identify the individual from a large group. Furthermore, an individual's connectivity profile can predict his or her level of fluid intelligence.

2,121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Combining data from numerous empirical and computational studies, network approaches strongly suggest that brain hubs play important roles in information integration underpinning numerous aspects of complex cognitive function.

1,760 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that gwMRF parcellations reveal neurobiologically meaningful features of brain organization and are potentially useful for future applications requiring dimensionality reduction of voxel-wise fMRI data.
Abstract: A central goal in systems neuroscience is the parcellation of the cerebral cortex into discrete neurobiological "atoms". Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the possibility of in vivo human cortical parcellation. Almost all previous parcellations relied on 1 of 2 approaches. The local gradient approach detects abrupt transitions in functional connectivity patterns. These transitions potentially reflect cortical areal boundaries defined by histology or visuotopic fMRI. By contrast, the global similarity approach clusters similar functional connectivity patterns regardless of spatial proximity, resulting in parcels with homogeneous (similar) rs-fMRI signals. Here, we propose a gradient-weighted Markov Random Field (gwMRF) model integrating local gradient and global similarity approaches. Using task-fMRI and rs-fMRI across diverse acquisition protocols, we found gwMRF parcellations to be more homogeneous than 4 previously published parcellations. Furthermore, gwMRF parcellations agreed with the boundaries of certain cortical areas defined using histology and visuotopic fMRI. Some parcels captured subareal (somatotopic and visuotopic) features that likely reflect distinct computational units within known cortical areas. These results suggest that gwMRF parcellations reveal neurobiologically meaningful features of brain organization and are potentially useful for future applications requiring dimensionality reduction of voxel-wise fMRI data. Multiresolution parcellations generated from 1489 participants are publicly available (https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/tree/master/stable_projects/brain_parcellation/Schaefer2018_LocalGlobal).

1,567 citations


Cites background from "Individual Variability in Functiona..."

  • ...Given well-known individual differences in brain functional organization (Mueller et al. 2013; Laumann et al. 2015; Glasser et al. 2016; Gordon et al. 2017), the group-level parcellations derived in this work might not be an optimal fit to individual subjects....

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  • ...Given well-known individual differences in brain functional organization (Mueller et al. 2013; Laumann et al. 2015; Glasser et al. 2016; Gordon et al. 2017), the group level parcellations derived in this work might not be an optimal fit to individual subjects....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The boundary map- derived parcellation contained parcels that overlapped with architectonic mapping of areas 17, 2, 3, and 4, and their connectivity patterns were reliable across individual subjects, suggesting that RSFC-boundary map-derived parcels provide information about the location and extent of human cortical areas.
Abstract: The cortical surface is organized into a large number of cortical areas; however, these areas have not been comprehensively mapped in the human. Abrupt transitions in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns can noninvasively identify locations of putative borders between cortical areas (RSFC-boundary mapping; Cohen et al. 2008). Here we describe a technique for using RSFC-boundary maps to define parcels that represent putative cortical areas. These parcels had highly homogenous RSFC patterns, indicating that they contained one unique RSFC signal; furthermore, the parcels were much more homogenous than a null model matched for parcel size when tested in two separate datasets. Several alternative parcellation schemes were tested this way, and no other parcellation was as homogenous as or had as large a difference compared with its null model. The boundary map-derived parcellation contained parcels that overlapped with architectonic mapping of areas 17, 2, 3, and 4. These parcels had a network structure similar to the known network structure of the brain, and their connectivity patterns were reliable across individual subjects. These observations suggest that RSFC-boundary map-derived parcels provide information about the location and extent of human cortical areas. A parcellation generated using this method is available at http://www.nil.wustl.edu/labs/petersen/Resources.html.

1,138 citations


Cites background from "Individual Variability in Functiona..."

  • ...3)—correspond to regions previously reported to have particularly high intersubject variability in RSFC patterns (Mueller et al. 2013)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
16 Aug 2017-Neuron
TL;DR: A novel MRI dataset containing 5 hr of RSFC data, 6 hour of task fMRI, multiple structural MRIs, and neuropsychological tests from each of ten adults generated ten high-fidelity, individual-specific functional connectomes, revealing several new types of spatial and organizational variability in brain networks.

869 citations


Cites background or methods from "Individual Variability in Functiona..."

  • ...Similarly, studies describing crossindividual variability in functional brain organization have tended to use large datasets with relatively small amounts of per-individual data (Gordon et al., 2017a, 2017b; Langs et al., 2016; Mueller et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2015), although this quantity has increased very recently (Chen et al....

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  • ...…functional brain organization have tended to use large datasets with relatively small amounts of per-individual data (Gordon et al., 2017a, 2017b; Langs et al., 2016; Mueller et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2015), although this quantity has increased very recently (Chen et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2016)....

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  • ...Signal mixing is likely to be prominent in FPN regions, which are among the most individually variable in the brain (Mueller et al., 2013)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present guidelines for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges, and the confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Abstract: Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.

21,185 citations


"Individual Variability in Functiona..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Intersubject variability in sulcal depth and cortical thickness was estimated vertex-wise using intraclass correlation (Shrout and Fleiss, 1979) with the intrasubject variance accounted for....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A set of automated procedures for obtaining accurate reconstructions of the cortical surface are described, which have been applied to data from more than 100 subjects, requiring little or no manual intervention.

9,599 citations

Book
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Direct and Indirect Radiologic Localization Reference System: Basal Brain Line CA-CP Cerebral Structures in Three-Dimensional Space Practical Examples for the Use of the Atlas in Neuroradiologic Examinations Three- Dimensional Atlas of a Human Brain Nomenclature-Abbreviations Anatomic Index Conclusions.
Abstract: Direct and Indirect Radiologic Localization Reference System: Basal Brain Line CA-CP Cerebral Structures in Three-Dimensional Space Practical Examples for the Use of the Atlas in Neuroradiologic Examinations Three-Dimensional Atlas of a Human Brain Nomenclature-Abbreviations Anatomic Index Conclusions.

9,491 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the organization of networks in the human cerebrum was explored using resting-state functional connectivity MRI data from 1,000 subjects and a clustering approach was employed to identify and replicate networks of functionally coupled regions across the cerebral cortex.
Abstract: Information processing in the cerebral cortex involves interactions among distributed areas. Anatomical connectivity suggests that certain areas form local hierarchical relations such as within the visual system. Other connectivity patterns, particularly among association areas, suggest the presence of large-scale circuits without clear hierarchical relations. In this study the organization of networks in the human cerebrum was explored using resting-state functional connectivity MRI. Data from 1,000 subjects were registered using surface-based alignment. A clustering approach was employed to identify and replicate networks of functionally coupled regions across the cerebral cortex. The results revealed local networks confined to sensory and motor cortices as well as distributed networks of association regions. Within the sensory and motor cortices, functional connectivity followed topographic representations across adjacent areas. In association cortex, the connectivity patterns often showed abrupt transitions between network boundaries. Focused analyses were performed to better understand properties of network connectivity. A canonical sensory-motor pathway involving primary visual area, putative middle temporal area complex (MT+), lateral intraparietal area, and frontal eye field was analyzed to explore how interactions might arise within and between networks. Results showed that adjacent regions of the MT+ complex demonstrate differential connectivity consistent with a hierarchical pathway that spans networks. The functional connectivity of parietal and prefrontal association cortices was next explored. Distinct connectivity profiles of neighboring regions suggest they participate in distributed networks that, while showing evidence for interactions, are embedded within largely parallel, interdigitated circuits. We conclude by discussing the organization of these large-scale cerebral networks in relation to monkey anatomy and their potential evolutionary expansion in humans to support cognition.

6,284 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent studies examining spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potentially important and revealing manifestation of spontaneous neuronal activity are reviewed.
Abstract: The majority of functional neuroscience studies have focused on the brain's response to a task or stimulus. However, the brain is very active even in the absence of explicit input or output. In this Article we review recent studies examining spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potentially important and revealing manifestation of spontaneous neuronal activity. Although several challenges remain, these studies have provided insight into the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain, variability in behaviour and potential physiological correlates of neurological and psychiatric disease.

6,135 citations


"Individual Variability in Functiona..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...One powerful technique for assessing connectivity utilizes fMRI data obtained under resting conditions, often referred to as intrinsic functional connectivity (Fox and Raichle, 2007)....

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