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Industrial Biotransformations: LIESE: INDUSTRIAL BIOTRANSFORMATIONS O-BK

About: The article was published on 2006-02-20. It has received 315 citations till now.
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Journal ArticleDOI
10 May 2012-Nature
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
Abstract: Over the past ten years, scientific and technological advances have established biocatalysis as a practical and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional metallo- and organocatalysis in chemical synthesis, both in the laboratory and on an industrial scale. Key advances in DNA sequencing and gene synthesis are at the base of tremendous progress in tailoring biocatalysts by protein engineering and design, and the ability to reorganize enzymes into new biosynthetic pathways. To highlight these achievements, here we discuss applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step.

1,985 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Aug 2016
TL;DR: This review highlights and discusses current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.
Abstract: Biocatalytic potential of microorganisms have been employed for centuries to produce bread, wine, vinegar and other common products without understanding the biochemical basis of their ingredients. Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes. The use of enzymes in various industries (e.g., food, agriculture, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals) is increasing rapidly due to reduced processing time, low energy input, cost effectiveness, nontoxic and eco-friendly characteristics. Microbial enzymes are capable of degrading toxic chemical compounds of industrial and domestic wastes (phenolic compounds, nitriles, amines etc.) either via degradation or conversion. Here in this review, we highlight and discuss current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.

611 citations


Cites background from "Industrial Biotransformations: LIES..."

  • ...Thus, International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) in consultation with International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) established an Enzyme Commission (EC) to be in charge of guiding the naming and systematic classification for enzymes (Liese et al. 2006)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Perspective focuses on developments which have popularized enzymes as part of the toolkit of synthetic organic chemists and biotechnologists, including a discussion of the scope and limitation of cascade reactions using enzyme mixtures in vitro and of metabolic engineering of pathways in cells as factories for the production of simple compounds such as biofuels and complex natural products.
Abstract: Enzymes as catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry gained importance in the latter half of the 20th century, but nevertheless suffered from two major limitations. First, many enzymes were not accessible in large enough quantities for practical applications. The advent of recombinant DNA technology changed this dramatically in the late 1970s. Second, many enzymes showed a narrow substrate scope, often poor stereo- and/or regioselectivity and/or insufficient stability under operating conditions. With the development of directed evolution beginning in the 1990s and continuing to the present day, all of these problems can be addressed and generally solved. The present Perspective focuses on these and other developments which have popularized enzymes as part of the toolkit of synthetic organic chemists and biotechnologists. Included is a discussion of the scope and limitation of cascade reactions using enzyme mixtures in vitro and of metabolic engineering of pathways in cells as factories for the production o...

594 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of biocatalysis with a special focus on scalable chemical production using enzymes discusses the opportunities and limitations of enzymatic syntheses using distinct examples and provides an outlook on emerging enzyme classes.
Abstract: Biocatalysis has found numerous applications in various fields as an alternative to chemical catalysis. The use of enzymes in organic synthesis, especially to make chiral compounds for pharmaceuticals as well for the flavors and fragrance industry, are the most prominent examples. In addition, biocatalysts are used on a large scale to make specialty and even bulk chemicals. This review intends to give illustrative examples in this field with a special focus on scalable chemical production using enzymes. It also discusses the opportunities and limitations of enzymatic syntheses using distinct examples and provides an outlook on emerging enzyme classes.

538 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Emphasis is placed on the development of methods to make laboratory evolution faster and more efficient, thus providing chemists and biotechnologists with a rich and non-ending source of robust and selective catalysts for a variety of useful applications.
Abstract: Asymmetric catalysis plays a key role in modern synthetic organic chemistry, with synthetic catalysts and enzymes being the two available options. During the latter part of the last century the use of enzymes in organic chemistry and biotechnology experienced a period of rapid growth. However, these biocatalysts have traditionally suffered from several limitations, including in many cases limited substrate scope, poor enantioselectivity, insufficient stability, and sometimes product inhibition. During the last 15 years, the genetic technique of directed evolution has been developed to such an extent that all of these long-standing problems can be addressed and solved. It is based on repeated cycles of gene mutagenesis, expression, and screening (or selection). This Review focuses on the directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes, which constitutes a fundamentally new approach to asymmetric catalysis. Emphasis is placed on the development of methods to make laboratory evolution faster and more efficient, thus providing chemists and biotechnologists with a rich and non-ending source of robust and selective catalysts for a variety of useful applications.

468 citations