Industrial Revolutions and their impact on managerial practice: Learning from the past
21 Jun 2019-Problems and perspectives in management (Lucia Kohnová, Nikola Salajová)-Vol. 17, Iss: 2, pp 462-478
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a retrospective analysis and overview of previous industrial revolutions and identify common characteristics that may lead to lessons learned for the forthcoming fourth industrial revolution and thus complement the current debate on technological change.
Abstract: Technological changes that come with industrial revolution have largely affected businesses, as well as society. With the current technological shift and Fourth Industrial Revolution, many questions arise regarding the impacts and effects on current ways businesses operate. This study presents a retrospective analysis and overview of previous industrial revolutions. The aim of the retrospective analysis is to identify common characteristics that may lead to lessons learned for the forthcoming Fourth Industrial Revolution and thus complement the current debate on technological change. All previous industrial revolutions have led to change in business environments and new challenges for managers and owners. The findings show that all previous revolutions have led to increase in the number of service jobs created. The key approach of successful countries during the times of industrial revolution has included education as the source of new skills and knowledge necessary for adaption. Countries that were able to produce high skilled people could not only invent, but also adapt to new technologies sooner than others. Similarly, these approaches included introduction of new managerial practices in order to be able to utilize new technologies and new skilled workers effectively. The research article processes secondary data together with literature review on this topic.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the industrial revolution in world history is reviewed, not just read, but also download them and even read online, in the kinds of txt, zip, kindle, word, ppt, pdf, rar.
Abstract: Seeking competent reading resources? We have the industrial revolution in world history to review, not just read, but also download them and even read online. Discover this excellent publication writtern by by now, just right here, yeah only right here. Obtain the files in the kinds of txt, zip, kindle, word, ppt, pdf, as well as rar. Again, never miss out on to check out online and download this book in our website below. Click the web link.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors performed a systematic literature review and content analysis of 93 papers from 75 journals, focusing on the theoretical development of human resource management (HRM) in the context of Industry 4.0.
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TL;DR: The last two decades indicate corporate internal control systems have failed to deal effectively with these changes, especially slow growth and the requirement for exit as mentioned in this paper, which is a major challenge for Western firms and political systems as these forces continue to work their way through the worldwide economy.
Abstract: Since 1973 technological, political, regulatory, and economic forces have been changing the worldwide economy in a fashion comparable to the changes experienced during the nineteenth century Industrial Revolution. As in the nineteenth century, we are experiencing declining costs, increasing average (but decreasing marginal) productivity of labor, reduced growth rates of labor income, excess capacity, and the requirement for downsizing and exit. The last two decades indicate corporate internal control systems have failed to deal effectively with these changes, especially slow growth and the requirement for exit. The next several decades pose a major challenge for Western firms and political systems as these forces continue to work their way through the worldwide economy.
7,121 citations
"Industrial Revolutions and their im..." refers background in this paper
...It was characteristic for capital-intensive production, productivity and living standards and formation of large corporate hierarchies (Jensen, 1993)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the visible hand of the modern business enterprise and defined the traditional processes of production and distribution in the United States. But they did not define the management and growth of modern industrial enterprises.
Abstract: * Introduction: The Visible Hand * Modern Business Enterprise Defined * Some General Propositions * Part I. The Traditional Processses of Production and Distribution *1. The Traditional Enterprise in Commerce * Institutional Specialization and Market Coordination * The General Merchant of the Colonial World * Specialization in Commerce * Specialization in Finance and Transportation * Managing the Specialized Enterprise in Commerce * Managing the Specialized Enterprise in Finance and Transportation * Technological Limits to Institutional Change in Commerce *2. The Traditional Enterprise in Production * Technological Limits to Institutional Change in Production * The Expansion of Prefactory Production, 1790--1840 * Managing Traditional Production * The Plantation--an Ancient Form of Large-Scale Production * The Integrated Textile Mill--a New Form of Large-Scale Production * The Springfield Armory--Another Prototype of the Modern Factory * Lifting Technological Constraints * Part II. The Revolution in Transportation and Communication *3. The Railroads: The First Modern Business Enterprises, 1850s--1860s * Innovation in Technology and Organization * The Impact of the Railroads on Construction and Finance * Structural Innovation * Accounting and Statistical Innovation * Organizational Innovation Evaluated *4. Railroad Cooperation and Competition, 1870s--1880s * New Patterns of Interfirm Relationships * Cooperation to Expand Through Traffic * Cooperation to Control Competition * The Great Cartels * The Managerial Role *5. System-Building, 1880s--1900s * Top Management Decision Making * Building the First Systems * System-Building in the 1880s * Reorganization and Rationalization in the 1880s * Structures for the New Systems * The Bureaucratization of Railroad Administration *6. Completing the Infrastructure * Other Transportation and Communication Enterprises * Transportation: Steamship Lines and Urban Traction Systems Communication: The Postal Service, Telegraph, and Telephone * The Organizational Response * Part III. The Revolution in Distribution and Production *7. Mass Distribution * The Basic Transformation * The Modern Commodity Dealer * The Wholesale Jobber * The Mass Retailer * The Department Store * The Mail-Order House * The Chain Store * The Economies of Speed *8. Mass Production * The Basic Transformation * Expansion of the Factory System * The Mechanical Industries * The Refining and Distilling Industries * The Metal-Making Industries * The Metal-Working Industries * The Beginnings of Scientific Management * The Economies of Speed * Part IV. The Integration of Mass Production with Mass Distribution *9. The Coming of the Modern Industrial Corporation * Reasons for Integration * Integration by Users of Continuous-Process Technology * Integration by Processors of Perishable Products * Intergration by Machinery Makers Requiring Specialized Marketing Services * The Followers *10. Integration by the Way of Merger * Combination and Consolidation * The Mergers of the 1880s * Mergers, 1890--1903 * The Success and Failure of Mergers *11. Integration Completed * An Overview: 1900--1917 * Growth by Vertical Integration--a Description * Food and Tobacco * Oil and Rubber * Chemicals, Paper, and Glass * The Metal Fabricators * The Machinery Makers * Primary Metals * Growth by Vertical Integration--an Analysis * The Importance of the Market * Integration and Concentration * The Rise of Multinational Enterprise * Integration and the Structure of the American Economy * Determinants of Size and Concentration * Part V. The Management and Growth of Modern Industrial Enterprise *12. Middle Management: Function and Structure * The Entrepreneurial Enterprise * American Tobacco: Managing Mass Production and Distribution of Packaged Products * Armour: Managing the Production and Distribution of Perishable Products * Singer and McCormick: Making and Marketing Machinery * The Beginnings of Middle Management in American Industry *13. Top Management: Function and Structure * The Managerial Enterprise * Standard Oil Trust * General Electric Company * United States Rubber Company * E.I. Du Pont de Nemours Powder Company * The Growing Supremacy of Managerial Enterprise *14. The Maturing of Modern Business Enterprise * Perfecting the Structure * The Professionalization of Management * Growth of Modern Business Enterprise Between the Wars * Modern Business Enterprise Since 1941 * The Dominance of Modern Business Enterprise * Conclusion: The Managerial Revolution in American Business * General Patterns of Institutional Growth * The Ascendancy of the Manager * The United States: Seed-Bed of Managerial Capitalism * Appendixes * Notes * Index
4,333 citations
"Industrial Revolutions and their im..." refers background in this paper
...Chandler (1977) states that with the continuous inventions and growth of organizations from 1850 to 1920, organizations needed to be transformed....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of the working class and the manner in which it had changed in the United States were investigated. But the details of this process, especially its historical turning points and the shape of the new employment that was taking the place of the old, were not clear to me, and since these things had not yet been clarified in any comprehensive fashion, there was a need for a more substantial historical description and analysis of the process of occupational change than had yet been presented in print.
Abstract: This book first took shape in my mind as little more than a study of occupational shifts in the United States. I was interested in the structure of the working class, and the manner in which it had changed. That portion of the population employed in manufacturing and associated industries—the so-called industrial working class—had apparently been shrinking for some time, if not in absolute numbers at any rate in relative terms. Since the details of this process, especially its historical turning points and the shape of the new employment that was taking the place of the old, were not clear to me, I undertook to find out more about them. And since, as I soon discovered, these things had not yet been clarified in any comprehensive fashion, I decided that there was a need for a more substantial historical description and analysis of the process of occupational change than had yet been presented in print.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
4,325 citations
"Industrial Revolutions and their im..." refers background in this paper
...Only with the expanding manufacturing industry, between 1880 and 1920, the number of engineers increased by up to 2000% (from 7,000 to 136,000) (Braverman, 1974)....
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TL;DR: Sir Walter Bodmer shares his perspective regarding the principles of successful scientific management from his experience in leading the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) as well as his being in the forefront of science.
Abstract: coupled with general fiscal difficulties are hindering realization of knowledge and benefit to society. The solution requires more than the corporate mold of The increasing politicization of the support of science has awakened many a scientist to the risks and realities of survival as an investigator and to the threats to the future of science. Effective management and wise leadership of the scientific enterprise are necessary solutions to the dilemma. Sir Walter Bodmer shares his perspective regarding the principles of successful scientific management from his experience in leading the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) as well as his being in the forefront of science. Yes! Management is necessary. But to be effective it must not displace leadership or the recognition and pursuit of excellence. It must be nonintrusive. Naive management imperatives in management. It must encompass a variety of actions based in the fundamental principle that management supports the optimal conduct of science. Dr. Bodmer guides us through these principles with clarity, experience, and vision. The principles of excellence, balance, and strategic insight have each been key ingredients in the success of the ICRF and are applicable at large.
4,074 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The response to this technological revolution must be integrated and comprehensive, involving all stakeholders of the global polity, from the public and private sectors to academia and civil society, as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: We stand on the brink of a technological revolution that will fundamentally alter the way we live, work, and relate to one another. In its scale, scope, and complexity, the transformation will be unlike anything humankind has experienced before. We do not yet know just how it will unfold, but one thing is clear: the response to it must be integrated and comprehensive, involving all stakeholders of the global polity, from the public and private sectors to academia and civil society.
3,501 citations
"Industrial Revolutions and their im..." refers background in this paper
...The literature and secondary data have been summarized from various sources and databases such Emerald, Springer, ProQuest, ScienceDirect and statistical databases available from European Union, OECD and World Bank....
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...For example, the First Industrial Revolution took 120 years to spread across Europe (Schwab, 2017)....
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...Figure 12 shows the level of qualification of workers in the 27 countries of the European Union + Norway and Switzerland....
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...The development of employee skills in times of crisis may be due to public sector subsidies to maintain employment (European Commission, 2011)....
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...In 1989, after the fall of Iron Curtain, a free market began to spread in Eastern Europe....
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