Industry 4.0: Towards future industrial opportunities and challenges
01 Aug 2015-pp 2147-2152
TL;DR: Comparing relevant aspects of Industry 4.0 in relation to strategic planning, key technologies, opportunities, and challenges and the enlightenment for China's manufacturing industries is introduced.
Abstract: Industry 4.0 (the fourth industrial revolution) encapsulates future industry development trends to achieve more intelligent manufacturing processes, including reliance on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), construction of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS), and implementation and operation of smart factories. This paper introduces relevant aspects of Industry 4.0 in relation to strategic planning, key technologies, opportunities, and challenges. Strategic planning includes construction of a CPS network, discussion of two major themes which are based on the smart factory and intelligent production, achieving three integrations (horizontal integration, vertical integration and end-to-end integration) and achieving eight plans which consist of the formulation of system standardization, efficient management etc. Finally, it referred to the enlightenment for China's manufacturing industries, to build China's Industry 4.0.
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review on Industry 4.0 is conducted and presents an overview of the content, scope, and findings by examining the existing literatures in all of the databases within the Web of Science.
1,906 citations
TL;DR: The state of the art in the area of Industry 4.0 as it relates to industries is surveyed, with a focus on China's Made-in-China 2025 and formal methods and systems methods crucial for realising Industry 5.0.
Abstract: Rapid advances in industrialisation and informatisation methods have spurred tremendous progress in developing the next generation of manufacturing technology. Today, we are on the cusp of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In 2013, amongst one of 10 ‘Future Projects’ identified by the German government as part of its High-Tech Strategy 2020 Action Plan, the Industry 4.0 project is considered to be a major endeavour for Germany to establish itself as a leader of integrated industry. In 2014, China’s State Council unveiled their ten-year national plan, Made-in-China 2025, which was designed to transform China from the world’s workshop into a world manufacturing power. Made-in-China 2025 is an initiative to comprehensively upgrade China’s industry including the manufacturing sector. In Industry 4.0 and Made-in-China 2025, many applications require a combination of recently emerging new technologies, which is giving rise to the emergence of Industry 4.0. Such technologies originate from different disciplines ...
1,780 citations
Cites background or methods from "Industry 4.0: Towards future indust..."
...The challenge includes designing interfaces to support heterogeneous components and the adaptive integration of components (Zhou, Liu, and Zhou 2015)....
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...An Industry 4.0 manufacturing environment is intelligent which requires more advanced smart digital devices (Zhou, Liu, and Zhou 2015)....
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...Developing uniform standards and specifications for verification and testing of CPS is an urgent task (Zhou, Liu, and Zhou 2015)....
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...Industry 4.0 applies CPS to build Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS), which connect the physical world with the virtual world, enabling the equipment in smart factories to become increasingly intelligent, which eventually will enable smart production (Zhou, Liu, and Zhou 2015)....
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...Some key challenges have to do with scientific, technological, and societal issues (Zhou, Liu, and Zhou 2015) including the challenges on technical aspects of technology, security and privacy, and standardisation....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied how the adoption of different Industry 4.0 technologies is associated with expected benefits for product, operations and side-effects aspects in the Brazilian industry.
1,024 citations
TL;DR: This exhaustive literature review provides a concrete definition of Industry 4.0 and defines its six design principles such as interoperability, virtualization, local, real-time talent, service orientation and modularity.
Abstract: Manufacturing industry profoundly impact economic and societal progress. As being a commonly accepted term for research centers and universities, the Industry 4.0 initiative has received a splendid attention of the business and research community. Although the idea is not new and was on the agenda of academic research in many years with different perceptions, the term “Industry 4.0” is just launched and well accepted to some extend not only in academic life but also in the industrial society as well. While academic research focuses on understanding and defining the concept and trying to develop related systems, business models and respective methodologies, industry, on the other hand, focuses its attention on the change of industrial machine suits and intelligent products as well as potential customers on this progress. It is therefore important for the companies to primarily understand the features and content of the Industry 4.0 for potential transformation from machine dominant manufacturing to digital manufacturing. In order to achieve a successful transformation, they should clearly review their positions and respective potentials against basic requirements set forward for Industry 4.0 standard. This will allow them to generate a well-defined road map. There has been several approaches and discussions going on along this line, a several road maps are already proposed. Some of those are reviewed in this paper. However, the literature clearly indicates the lack of respective assessment methodologies. Since the implementation and applications of related theorems and definitions outlined for the 4th industrial revolution is not mature enough for most of the reel life implementations, a systematic approach for making respective assessments and evaluations seems to be urgently required for those who are intending to speed this transformation up. It is now main responsibility of the research community to developed technological infrastructure with physical systems, management models, business models as well as some well-defined Industry 4.0 scenarios in order to make the life for the practitioners easy. It is estimated by the experts that the Industry 4.0 and related progress along this line will have an enormous effect on social life. As outlined in the introduction, some social transformation is also expected. It is assumed that the robots will be more dominant in manufacturing, implanted technologies, cooperating and coordinating machines, self-decision-making systems, autonom problem solvers, learning machines, 3D printing etc. will dominate the production process. Wearable internet, big data analysis, sensor based life, smart city implementations or similar applications will be the main concern of the community. This social transformation will naturally trigger the manufacturing society to improve their manufacturing suits to cope with the customer requirements and sustain competitive advantage. A summary of the potential progress along this line is reviewed in introduction of the paper. It is so obvious that the future manufacturing systems will have a different vision composed of products, intelligence, communications and information network. This will bring about new business models to be dominant in industrial life. Another important issue to take into account is that the time span of this so-called revolution will be so short triggering a continues transformation process to yield some new industrial areas to emerge. This clearly puts a big pressure on manufacturers to learn, understand, design and implement the transformation process. Since the main motivation for finding the best way to follow this transformation, a comprehensive literature review will generate a remarkable support. This paper presents such a review for highlighting the progress and aims to help improve the awareness on the best experiences. It is intended to provide a clear idea for those wishing to generate a road map for digitizing the respective manufacturing suits. By presenting this review it is also intended to provide a hands-on library of Industry 4.0 to both academics as well as industrial practitioners. The top 100 headings, abstracts and key words (i.e. a total of 619 publications of any kind) for each search term were independently analyzed in order to ensure the reliability of the review process. Note that, this exhaustive literature review provides a concrete definition of Industry 4.0 and defines its six design principles such as interoperability, virtualization, local, real-time talent, service orientation and modularity. It seems that these principles have taken the attention of the scientists to carry out more variety of research on the subject and to develop implementable and appropriate scenarios. A comprehensive taxonomy of Industry 4.0 can also be developed through analyzing the results of this review.
1,011 citations
TL;DR: This paper explores the role of Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on supply chain management (SCM) through an extensive literature review and finds that most studies have focused on conceptualising the impact of IoT with limited analytical models and empirical studies.
Abstract: This paper explores the role of Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on supply chain management (SCM) through an extensive literature review. Important aspects of IoT in SCM are covered including IoT definition, main IoT technology enablers and various SCM processes and applications. We offer several categorisation of the extant literature, such as based on methodology, industry sector and focus on a classification based on major supply chain processes. In addition, a bibliometric analysis of the literature is also presented. We find that most studies have focused on conceptualising the impact of IoT with limited analytical models and empirical studies. In addition, most studies have focused on the delivery supply chain process and the food and manufacturing supply chains. Areas of future SCM research that can support IoT implementation are also identified.
727 citations
Cites background from "Industry 4.0: Towards future indust..."
...Zhou, Liu, and Zhou (2015) define the concept of industry 4.0 as the integration of information and communications technologies with industrial technology....
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References
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05 May 2008
TL;DR: It is concluded that it will not be sufficient to improve design processes, raise the level of abstraction, or verify designs that are built on today's abstractions to realize the full potential of cyber-Physical Systems.
Abstract: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation and physical processes. Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, usually with feedback loops where physical processes affect computations and vice versa. The economic and societal potential of such systems is vastly greater than what has been realized, and major investments are being made worldwide to develop the technology. There are considerable challenges, particularly because the physical components of such systems introduce safety and reliability requirements qualitatively different from those in general- purpose computing. Moreover, physical components are qualitatively different from object-oriented software components. Standard abstractions based on method calls and threads do not work. This paper examines the challenges in designing such systems, and in particular raises the question of whether today's computing and networking technologies provide an adequate foundation for CPS. It concludes that it will not be sufficient to improve design processes, raise the level of abstraction, or verify (formally or otherwise) designs that are built on today's abstractions. To realize the full potential of CPS, we will have to rebuild computing and networking abstractions. These abstractions will have to embrace physical dynamics and computation in a unified way.
3,309 citations
"Industry 4.0: Towards future indust..." refers background in this paper
...In fact, a CPS is an integrated system of computing, communications and control [3, 4]....
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27 Jul 2014
TL;DR: Solutions for the technological assistance of workers are demonstrated, which implement the representation of a cyber-physical world and the therein occurring interactions in the form of intelligent user interfaces, which will create the required, inter-disciplinary understanding for Industry 4.0.
Abstract: The development of Industry 4.0 will be accompanied by changing tasks and demands for the human in the factory. As the most flexible entity in cyber-physical production systems, workers will be faced with a large variety of jobs ranging from specification and monitoring to verification of production strategies. Through technological support it is guaranteed that workers can realize their full potential and adopt the role of strategic decision-makers and flexible problem-solvers. The use of established interaction technologies and metaphors from the consumer goods market seems to be promising. This paper demonstrates solutions for the technological assistance of workers, which implement the representation of a cyber-physical world and the therein occurring interactions in the form of intelligent user interfaces. Besides technological means, the paper points out the requirement for adequate qualification strategies, which will create the required, inter-disciplinary understanding for Industry 4.0.
507 citations
"Industry 4.0: Towards future indust..." refers background in this paper
...As shown in Figure 3, smart mobile terminal applications in industry[10], can easily control and monitor intelligent processes in factories [11]....
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...Smart mobile terminal applications in industry [10]...
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08 Dec 2011
TL;DR: The features of CPSs are described, and the research progresses are summarized from different perspectives such as energy control, secure control, transmission and management, control technique, system resource allocation, and model-based software design.
Abstract: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are characterized by integrating computation and physical processes. The theories and applications of CPSs face the enormous challenges. The aim of this work is to provide a better understanding of this emerging multi-disciplinary methodology. First, the features of CPSs are described, and the research progresses are summarized from different perspectives such as energy control, secure control, transmission and management, control technique, system resource allocation, and model-based software design. Then three classic applications are given to show that the prospects of CPSs are engaging. Finally, the research challenges and some suggestions for future work are in brief outlined.
492 citations
"Industry 4.0: Towards future indust..." refers background in this paper
...In fact, a CPS is an integrated system of computing, communications and control [3, 4]....
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TL;DR: It is proposed that cyber-physical systems (CPS) is an evolution of M2M by the introduction of more intelligent and interactive operations, under the architecture of IoT.
Abstract: In recent years, cyber-physical systems (CPS) have emerged as a promising
direction to enrich the interactions between physical and virtual worlds. In
this article, we first present the correlations among machine-to-machine
(M2M), wireless sensor networks (WSNs), CPS and internet of things (IoT), and
introduce some research activities in M2M, including M2M architectures and
typical applications. Then, we review two CPS platforms and systems that have
been proposed recently, including a novel prototype platform for multiple
unmanned vehicles with WSNs navigation and cyber-transportation systems.
Through these reviews, we propose CPS is an evolution of M2M by the
introduction of more intelligent and interactive operations, under the
architecture of IoT. Also, we especially hope to demonstrate how M2M systems
with the capabilities of decision-making and autonomous control can be
upgraded to CPS and identify the important research challenges related to CPS
designs.
163 citations
"Industry 4.0: Towards future indust..." refers background in this paper
...As CPS technology develops [8, 9], it will occupy an important position in many fields, including motor vehicle manufacturing, machinery and heavy industry, iron and steel metallurgy, energy production, and transport and logistics....
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TL;DR: This work focuses on CPS resource optimization, and proposes a system performance optimization model with resource constraints, and some classic applications are provided to show that the prospects of CPSs are promising.
Abstract: Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are an emerging discipline that involves engineered computing and communicating systems interfacing the physical world. The widespread applications of CPSs still face enormous challenges because of the lack of theoretical foundations. In this technical survey, we review state-of-the-art design techniques from various angles. The aim of this work is to provide a better understanding of this emerging multidisciplinary methodology. The features of CPSs are described, and the research progress is analyzed using the following aspects: energy management, network security, data transmission and management, model-based design, control technique, and system resource allocation. We focus on CPS resource optimization, and propose a system performance optimization model with resource constraints. In addition, some classic applications (e.g., integrating intelligent road with unmanned vehicle) are provided to show that the prospects of CPSs are promising. Furthermore, research challenges and suggestions for future work are outlined in brief.
162 citations
"Industry 4.0: Towards future indust..." refers background in this paper
...As CPS technology develops [8, 9], it will occupy an important position in many fields, including motor vehicle manufacturing, machinery and heavy industry, iron and steel metallurgy, energy production, and transport and logistics....
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