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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Inferring borrower network in a microfinancing framework (KIVA)

01 Aug 2016-pp 1-5
TL;DR: A novel tripartite extension of SimRank is formulated using the network of lenders, loans and borrowers to capture the inherent pattern in the system to validate the effectiveness of the modeling and the proposed disambiguation scheme for borrowers.
Abstract: Microfinance institutions aim at offering financial services to people in low-income category, who typically lack access to traditional banking systems. Till date, greater than 15 billion U.S dollars has been infused into microfinancing, assisting more than 160 million people in developing countries. With the tremendous growth in the World Wide Web, a number of microfinance institutions have recently moved online. One such noble initiative is KIVA, a crowd sourced online microfinance platform which connects borrowers (small entrepreneurs and individuals) to lenders through the field partners. One particular interest to such microfinancing institutions, is the analysis of the network of borrowers which can help them improve the percentage of loan requests fulfilled. KIVA provides a rich dataset capturing the lending activities on the website. In this paper, we analyze the data to find and extract the structure in the KIVA framework. We formulate a novel tripartite extension of SimRank using the network of lenders, loans and borrowers to capture the inherent pattern in the system. We also propose a Multipartite extension of SimRank useful for real world settings. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our modeling and the proposed disambiguation scheme for borrowers.
Citations
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01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: It was confirmed that digital technology can be used to address the identified challenges, and that a tailor-made mobile technology solution would be appropriate for supporting the interaction, communication, and relationship between MFIs and MBs.
Abstract: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play a considerable role in providing capital to micro businesses (MBs) through microcredit services. However, the interplay between MFIs and MB owners has been hindered by several factors, such as challenges with information sharing. The current study aims at identifying the specific challenges of microcredit services in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and also at determining the enabling factors, preferred features, and general requirements for a mobile technology solution to support the interplay between MFIs and MBs. The participants in the study were 91 MB owners and 22 MFI officers, and the data for the study were collected via a questionnaire. The study confirmed that the interaction, communication, and relationship between MB owners and MFIs is affected by various challenges. It was confirmed that digital technology can be used to address the identified challenges, and that a tailor-made mobile technology solution would be appropriate for supporting the interaction, communication, and relationship between MFIs and MBs. Gomera et al. User requirement for mobile microcredit services The African Journal of Information Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1, Article 1 2

3 citations


Cites background or methods from "Inferring borrower network in a mic..."

  • ...One of the solutions suggested and implemented by earlier researches is the usage of digital technology to support and enhance MFI services (Augburg, Schmidt, and Krishnaswainy, 2011; Bada, 2012; Ghosh and Vachery, 2016; Mbogo, 2010: Paruthi, Frias-Martinez, and Frias-Martinez, 2016; Sathe and Desai, 2006; Weber, Kulkarni, and Riggins, 2012)....

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  • ...Consequently, digital technology has been used to enhance the services provided by MFIs, such as KIVA, the world’s first online lending platform connecting online lenders to entrepreneurs across the globe (Ghosh and Vachery, 2016; Paruthi et al., 2016; Weber et al., 2012)....

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  • ...Nature of the Interaction between Microfinance Institutions and Micro Businesses The interaction between MBs and MFIs is based mostly on relationship lending, which replaces the collateral need for low-income earners to qualify for loans (Ghosh and Vachery, 2016; Uchida et al., 2012)....

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  • ...The interaction between MBs and MFIs is based mostly on relationship lending, which replaces the collateral need for low-income earners to qualify for loans (Ghosh and Vachery, 2016; Uchida et al., 2012)....

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  • ...Specifically, mobile technology can reduce the number of middlemen, as in peer-to-peer lending and KIVA, which eliminate intermediaries between MFIs and borrowers, and present a viable solution to the agency problem (Ghosh and Vachery, 2016; Paruthi et al., 2016)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

16,176 citations


"Inferring borrower network in a mic..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...We use the KullbackLeibler divergence (KL) Divergence metric (A measure of dissimilarity between two probability distributions) based on [5] to estimate the similarity between top-k pairs of lenders like number of loans lent on other attributes like distribution among sectors lent (Sector KL Divergence), distribution over type of loans lent i....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 Jul 2002
TL;DR: A complementary approach, applicable in any domain with object-to-object relationships, that measures similarity of the structural context in which objects occur, based on their relationships with other objects is proposed.
Abstract: The problem of measuring "similarity" of objects arises in many applications, and many domain-specific measures have been developed, e.g., matching text across documents or computing overlap among item-sets. We propose a complementary approach, applicable in any domain with object-to-object relationships, that measures similarity of the structural context in which objects occur, based on their relationships with other objects. Effectively, we compute a measure that says "two objects are similar if they are related to similar objects:" This general similarity measure, called SimRank, is based on a simple and intuitive graph-theoretic model. For a given domain, SimRank can be combined with other domain-specific similarity measures. We suggest techniques for efficient computation of SimRank scores, and provide experimental results on two application domains showing the computational feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.

2,036 citations


"Inferring borrower network in a mic..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The time complexity for each iteration of SimRank is O(n2d) where d is the average of |I(A)||I(B)| or |O(A)||O(B)| or both as applicable over all nodepairs (A,B)....

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  • ...We formulate a novel tripartite extension of SimRank using the network of lenders, loans and borrowers to capture the inherent pattern in the system....

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  • ...We can extend this formulation to a general Multipartite SimRank....

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  • ...In addition, we also propose a Multipartite extension to SimRank motivated by real life applications....

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  • ...Since we see that the tripartite SimRank formulation works well in modeling similarity of lenders and loans, it would be justifiable to assume that the disambiguation scheme adopted for borrowers is suitable which is further strengthened by 2016 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Engineering (ICDSE) our results on borrowers....

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Journal Article

76 citations


"Inferring borrower network in a mic..." refers background in this paper

  • ...I. INTRODUCTION The concept of Microfinancing was first introduced by Muhammad Yunus[1], when he found that the extremely poor barely had enough means to sustain themselves....

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  • ...The concept of Microfinancing was first introduced by Muhammad Yunus[1], when he found that the extremely poor barely had enough means to sustain themselves....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Aug 2014
TL;DR: This paper proposes a fairness-aware recommendation system based on one-class collaborative-filtering techniques for charity and micro-loan platform such as Kiva.org that can largely improve the loan distribution fairness while retaining the accuracy of recommendations.
Abstract: Up to date, more than 15 billion US dollars have been invested in microfinance that benefited more than 160 million people in developing countries. The Kiva organization is one of the successful examples that use a decentralized matching process to match lenders and borrowers. Interested lenders from around the world can look for cases among thousands of applicants they found promising to lend the money to. But how can loan borrowers and lenders be successfully matched up in a microfinance platform like Kiva? We argue that a sophisticate recommender not only pairs up loan lenders and borrowers in accordance to their preferences, but should also help to diversify the distribution of donations to reduce the inequality of loans is highly demanded, as altruism, like any resource, can be congestible.In this paper, we propose a fairness-aware recommendation system based on one-class collaborative-filtering techniques for charity and micro-loan platform such as Kiva.org. Our experiments on real dataset indicates that the proposed method can largely improve the loan distribution fairness while retaining the accuracy of recommendations.

44 citations


"Inferring borrower network in a mic..." refers background in this paper

  • ..., 2014 [3], the authors propose a fairness-aware recommendation system based on one-class collaborativefiltering techniques (since only partial binary decision labels are available) where the goal in addition to maximizing the opportunity of successful matching is also diversifying the resources of loan providers....

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  • ...As noted in [3], lenders have very strong individual preferences over lenders and loans and the distribution is in no way uniform....

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  • ...In Lee et al., 2014 [3], the authors propose a fairness-aware recommendation system based on one-class collaborativefiltering techniques (since only partial binary decision labels are available) where the goal in addition to maximizing the opportunity of successful matching is also diversifying the…...

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