DOI•
Inflammation and pain in skin and deep tissues
01 Jan 2015-
TL;DR: Evaluate the change in sensitivity after inflammation inside and outside the irradiated skin and investigate the existence of a mechanism of cumulative effects between cutaneous and deep-tissue hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by UVB irradiation after application of heat stimuli and sensitization of deep tissues.
Abstract: Ultraviolet-B irradiation model has been used for many years as a translational model since it is well known to induce cutaneous inflammatory pain in both animals and humans. The aim of this study project was to evaluate time course and sensory changes induced by UVB and in particular: 1) evaluate the change in sensitivity after inflammation inside and outside the irradiated skin, 2) investigate the existence of a mechanism of cumulative effects between cutaneous and deep-tissue hyperalgesia, 3) investigate the effect on mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by UVB irradiation after application of heat stimuli and sensitization of deep tissues.
Citations
More filters
Book Chapter•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain is revised under new editorial leadership, and with a host of new, multidisciplinary international contributors.
Abstract: WALL AND MELZACK'S TEXTBOOK OF PAIN, revised under new editorial leadership, and with a host of new, multidisciplinary international contributors ...
527 citations
TL;DR: Findings point towards a regulatory function for nerve growth factor in vivo in the stimulation of sensory neuropeptide synthesis during prolonged inflammatory processes.
223 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the contribution of capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors in the development of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in humans following ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation.
Abstract: Subpopulations of primary nociceptors (C- and Aδ-fibers), express the TRPV1 receptor for heat and capsaicin. During cutaneous inflammation, these afferents may become sensitized, leading to primary hyperalgesia. It is known that TRPV1+ nociceptors are involved in heat hyperalgesia; however, their involvement in mechanical hyperalgesia is unclear. This study explored the contribution of capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors in the development of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in humans following ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation. Skin areas in 18 healthy volunteers were randomized to treatment with 8% capsaicin/vehicle patches for 24 h. After patches removal, one capsaicin-treated area and one vehicle area were irradiated with 2xMED (minimal erythema dose) of UVB. 1, 3 and 7 days post-UVB exposure, tests were performed to evaluate the development of UVB-induced cutaneous hyperalgesia: thermal detection and pain thresholds, pain sensitivity to supra-threshold heat stimuli, mechanical pain threshold and sensitivity, touch pleasantness, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), inflammatory response, pigmentation and micro-vascular reactivity. Capsaicin pre-treatment, in the UVB-irradiated area (Capsaicin + UVB area), increased heat pain thresholds (P 0.2). No effects of capsaicin were reported on touch pleasantness (P = 1), TEWL (P = 0.31), inflammatory response and pigmentation (P > 0.3) or micro-vascular reactivity (P > 0.8) in response to the UVB irradiation. 8% capsaicin ablation predominantly defunctionalizes TRPV1+-expressing cutaneous nociceptors responsible for heat pain transduction, suggesting that sensitization of these fibers is required for development of heat hyperalgesia following cutaneous UVB-induced inflammation but they are likely only partially necessary for the establishment of robust primary mechanical hyperalgesia.
1 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the effect of macrophages on NGF-mRNA levels in cultured explants of sciatic nerve can be mimicked by conditioned media of activated macrophage, and that interleukin-1 is the responsible agent.
Abstract: The Schwann cells and fibroblast-like cells of the intact sciatic nerve of adult rats synthesize very little nerve growth factor (NGF) (ref. 1). After lesion, however, there is a dramatic increase in the amounts of both NGF-mRNA and NGF protein synthesized by the sciatic non-neuronal cells1,2. This local increase in NGF synthesis partially replaces the interrupted NGF supply from the periphery to the NGF-responsive sensory and sympathetic neurons, whose axons run within the sciatic nerve1. Macrophages, known to invade the site of nerve lesion during wallerian degeneration3,4, are important in the regulation of NGF synthesis5. Here we demonstrate that the effect of macrophages on NGF-mRNA levels in cultured explants of sciatic nerve can be mimicked by conditioned media of activated macrophages, and that interleukin-1 is the responsible agent.
996 citations
"Inflammation and pain in skin and d..." refers background in this paper
...…concentration of NGF in the skin during inflammation is due to its release from keratinocytes that can be induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukins (IL-1β), which are released from mast cell and macrophages during inflammation (Lindholm et al., 1987; Rueff and L.M. 1996)....
[...]
...The increased concentration of NGF in the skin during inflammation is due to its release from keratinocytes that can be induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukins (IL-1β), which are released from mast cell and macrophages during inflammation (Lindholm et al., 1987; Rueff and L.M. 1996)....
[...]
TL;DR: The present review will provide a thorough update in this area of inflammatory diseases, specifically Crohn's disease and Blau syndrome, and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle–Wells syndrome and chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular syndrome.
Abstract: Inflammation is part of the non-specific immune response that occurs in reaction to any type of bodily injury. In some disorders, the inflammatory process - which under normal conditions is self-limiting - becomes continuous and chronic inflammatory diseases might develop subsequently. Pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) represent a diverse collection of molecules responsible for sensing danger signals, and together with other immune components they are involved in the first line of defence. NALP3 and NOD2, which belong to a cytosolic subgroup of PRMs, dubbed Nod-like-receptors (NLRs), have been associated recently with inflammatory diseases, specifically Crohn's disease and Blau syndrome (NOD2) and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome and chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular syndrome (NALP3). The exact effects of the defective proteins are not fully understood, but activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, transcription, production and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta and activation of the inflammasome are some of the processes that might hold clues, and the present review will provide a thorough update in this area.
990 citations
"Inflammation and pain in skin and d..." refers background in this paper
...The inflammatory process is part of the biological response of the body to a wide range of insults, like pathogens, 12 damaged cells, or irritants (Ferrero-Miliani et al., 2007)....
[...]
01 Jan 1994
897 citations
"Inflammation and pain in skin and d..." refers background in this paper
...After a stimulus, when hyperalgesia and allodynia are both present, the only term that can be used is “hyperalgesia” (Lindblom et al., 1986; Pedersen 2000)....
[...]
TL;DR: Standards for pressure threshold as well as the reproducibility and validity of measurement are established in 24 male and 26 female normal volunteers at 9 sites to serve as a reference for clinical diagnosis of abnormal tenderness and for documentation of treatment results.
Abstract: Pressure threshold is the minimal pressure (force) which induces pain. The pressure threshold meter (PTM) is a force gauge with a rubber disc of 1 cm2 surface. The instrument has been proven to be useful in clinical practice for quantification of deep muscle tenderness. Trigger points, fibrositis, myalgic spots, activity of arthritis as well as assessment of sensitivity to pain can be diagnosed by PTM. This study therefore established standards for pressure threshold as well as the reproducibility and validity of measurement in 24 male and 26 female normal volunteers at 9 sites. Muscles frequently afflicted by trigger points were examined. The deltoid was chosen as a reference since it is rarely a site for trigger points. Comparison of corresponding muscles on opposite sides failed to demonstrate significant differences (except for 1 muscle in females). These identical results obtained over muscles of opposite sides proved the excellent reproducibility and validity of pressure threshold measurement. Results serve as a reference for clinical diagnosis of abnormal tenderness and for documentation of treatment results. The sensitivity of individual muscles varies. Therefore the results presented should be kept in mind when diagnosis of pathological tenderness by palpation is attempted.
846 citations
"Inflammation and pain in skin and d..." refers methods in this paper
...…been used for evaluation of sensitivity to pain and the assessment of pressure perception but this methodology has a certain amount of variability, even though it is considered a very reliable method for measuring pressure pain thresholds (Fischer 1987; Potter et al., 2006; Reeves et al., 1986)....
[...]
TL;DR: OA patients showed a significant facilitation of temporal summation from both the knee and TA and had significantly less DNIC as compared with controls, and the importance of central sensitization as an important manifestation in knee OA is highlighted.
Abstract: Pain is the dominant symptom in osteoarthritis (OA) and sensitization may contribute to the pain severity. This study investigated the role of sensitization in patients with painful knee OA by measuring (1) pressure pain thresholds (PPTs); (2) spreading sensitization; (3) temporal summation to repeated pressure pain stimulation; (4) pain responses after intramuscular hypertonic saline; and (5) pressure pain modulation by heterotopic descending noxious inhibitory control (DNIC). Forty-eight patients with different degrees of knee OA and twenty-four age- and sex-matched control subjects participated. The patients were separated into strong/severe (VAS>or=6) and mild/moderate pain (VAS<6) groups. PPTs were measured from the peripatellar region, tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor carpi radialis longus muscles before, during and after DNIC. Temporal summation to pressure was measured at the most painful site in the peripatellar region and over TA. Patients with severely painful OA pain have significantly lower PPT than controls. For all locations (knee, leg, and arm) significantly negative correlations between VAS and PPT were found (more pain, more sensitization). OA patients showed a significant facilitation of temporal summation from both the knee and TA and had significantly less DNIC as compared with controls. No correlations were found between standard radiological findings and clinical/experimental pain parameters. However, patients with lesions in the lateral tibiofemoral knee compartment had higher pain ratings compared with those with intercondylar and medial lesions. This study highlights the importance of central sensitization as an important manifestation in knee OA.
833 citations
"Inflammation and pain in skin and d..." refers background in this paper
..., 2003) and in patients with chr onic musculoskeletal pain it has been demonstrated that TSP is facilitated compared with healthy controls (Arendt-Nielsen et al., 2010; Staud et al., 2003)....
[...]
...…with electrical, mechanical and thermal stimuli (Arendt-Nielsen et al., 1994; Nie et al., 2009a; Staud et al., 2003) and in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain it has been demonstrated that TSP is facilitated compared with healthy controls (Arendt-Nielsen et al., 2010; Staud et al., 2003)....
[...]