Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease
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TLDR
The evidence is recounted that atherosclerosis, the main cause of CAD, is an inflammatory disease in which immune mechanisms interact with metabolic risk factors to initiate, propagate, and activate lesions in the arterial tree.Abstract:
ecent research has shown that inflammation plays a key role in coronary artery disease (CAD) and other manifestations of atherosclerosis. Immune cells dominate early atherosclerotic lesions, their effector molecules accelerate progression of the lesions, and activation of inflammation can elicit acute coronary syndromes. This review highlights the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic CAD. It will recount the evidence that atherosclerosis, the main cause of CAD, is an inflammatory disease in which immune mechanisms interact with metabolic risk factors to initiate, propagate, and activate lesions in the arterial tree. A decade ago, the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension was expected to eliminate CAD by the end of the 20th century. Lately, however, that optimistic prediction has needed revision. Cardiovascular diseases are expected to be the main cause of death globally within the next 15 years owing to a rapidly increasing prevalence in developing countries and eastern Europe and the rising incidence of obesity and diabetes in the Western world. 1 Cardiovascular diseases cause 38 percent of all deaths in North America and are the most common cause of death in European men under 65 years of age and the second most common cause in women. These facts force us to revisit cardiovascular disease and consider new strategies for prediction, prevention, and treatment.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012)
Massimo Piepoli,Arno W. Hoes,Stefan Agewall,Christian Albus,Carlos Brotons,Alberico L. Catapano,Marie Therese Cooney,Ugo Corrà,Bernard Cosyns,Christi Deaton,Ian D. Graham,Michael Stephen Hall,FD Richard Hobbs,Maja Lisa Løchen,Herbert Löllgen,Pedro Marques-Vidal,Joep Perk,Eva Prescott,Josep Redon,Dimitrios J. Richter,Naveed Sattar,Y.M. Smulders,Monica Tiberi,H. Bart van der Worp,Ineke van Dis,W M Monique Verschuren +25 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (MDE) on the risk of stroke.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease
Paul M. Ridker,Brendan M. Everett,Tom Thuren,Jean G. MacFadyen,William Chang,Christie M. Ballantyne,Francisco H. Fonseca,Jose C. Nicolau,Wolfgang Koenig,Stefan D. Anker,John J.P. Kastelein,Jan H. Cornel,Prem Pais,Daniel Pella,Jacques Genest,Renata Cifkova,Alberto J. Lorenzatti,Tamás Forster,Zhanna Kobalava,Luminita Vida-Simiti,Marcus Flather,Hiroaki Shimokawa,Hisao Ogawa,Mikael Dellborg,Paulo Roberto Ferreira Rossi,Roland P.T. Troquay,Peter Libby,Robert J. Glynn +27 more
TL;DR: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin‐1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid‐level lowering.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease
TL;DR: Current evidence indicates that most of the cytotoxicity attributed to NO is rather due to peroxynitrite, produced from the diffusion-controlled reaction between NO and another free radical, the superoxide anion, which is presented in detail in this review.
Journal ArticleDOI
Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease An Update to the Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Robert D. Brook,Sanjay Rajagopalan,C. Arden Pope,Jeffrey R. Brook,Aruni Bhatnagar,Ana V. Diez-Roux,Fernando Holguin,Yuling Hong,Russell V. Luepker,Murray A. Mittleman,Annette Peters,David S. Siscovick,Sidney C. Smith,Laurie P. Whitsel,Joel D. Kaufman +14 more
TL;DR: It is the opinion of the writing group that the overall evidence is consistent with a causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) : the fifth joint task force of the European society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts).
Joep Perk,G. De Backer,Helmut Gohlke,Ian D. Graham,Zeljko Reiner,Monique Verschuren,Christian Albus,Pascale Benlian,G Boysen,Renata Cifkova,Christi Deaton,Shah Ebrahim,Miles Fisher,Giuseppe Germanò,Richard J. Hobbs,Arno W. Hoes,Sehnaz Karadeniz,Alessandro Mezzani,Eva Prescott,Lars Rydén,Martin Scherer,M Syvänne,Scholte op Reimer Wjm.,Christiaan Vrints,David R. Wood,José Luis Zamorano,Faiez Zannad +26 more
TL;DR: The ESC Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents as mentioned in this paper summarize and evaluate all currently available evidence on a particular issue with the aim to assist physicians in selecting the best management strategies for a typical patient, suffering from a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk-benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means.
References
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Coronary Plaque Disruption
TL;DR: This review will explore potential mechanisms responsible for the sudden conversion of a stable atherosclerotic plaque to an unstable and life-threatening atherothrombotic lesion—an event known as plaque fissuring, rupture, or disruption.