Influence of adhesive bond layer on power and energy transduction efficiency of piezo-impedance transducer:
01 Feb 2015-Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 26, Iss: 3, pp 247-259
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the power consumption in the piezoelectric ceramic patch of lead zirconate titanate and the losses arising from the adhesive bonding with the host structure.
Abstract: This article deals with the analysis of the power consumption in the piezoelectric ceramic patch of lead zirconate titanate and the losses arising from the adhesive bonding with the host structure....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the development of the method for assessment of the adhesive bonds in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) samples and evaluated the performance of adhesive bonds.
Abstract: The joints between structural elements should ensure safe usage of the structure. One of the joining method is based on adhesive bonding. However, adhesive bonding has not replaced riveting yet. Rivets are still present even in newest composite aircraft AIRBUS 350. The reliability of the adhesive bonding limits the use of adhesive bonding for primary aircraft structures and there is a search for new non-destructive testing tools allowing to (1) assessment of the surfaces before bonding and (2) assessment of the adhesive bond. The performance of adhesive bonds depends on the physico-chemical properties of the bonded surfaces. The contamination leading to weak bonds may have various origin and be caused by contamination (moisture, release agent, hydraulic fluid and fuel) or poor curing of adhesive. In this work, the research is focused on the development of the method for assessment of the adhesive bonds. Bonded carbon fibre–reinforced polymer samples were considered. Electromechanical impedance technique w...
62 citations
Cites methods from "Influence of adhesive bond layer on..."
...One also should not forget that the sensors for EMI technique are bonded to the structure and the bonding itself has an influence on the response.(11,12)...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between forms of material damage, visual indication of damage, mechanical compliance of the material and resonant mode in the electro-mechanical impedance measurement of a PZT bonded to a concrete substrate.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation on the fatigue behavior of a cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesting beam at different base excitation levels is presented, where the experimental study is augmented with analytical formulation to examine the strain levels and with finite element analysis formulation to model the PHE beam with a macro fiber composite PHE transducer.
Abstract: Piezoelectric energy harvesting has attracted extensive research in the advancement of new designs and techniques over the last decade. The cantilever shaped piezoelectric energy harvesting beam is one of the most employed designs, due to its simplicity and flexibility for further performance enhancement. The strain distribution along the cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesting beam is nonuniform, which would induce fatigue damage at the root of the cantilever on the long run. This particular issue has seldom been addressed in the literature. This article presents an experimental investigation on the fatigue behavior of a cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesting beam at different base excitation levels. The experimental study is augmented with analytical formulation to examine the strain levels and with finite element analysis formulation to model the piezoelectric energy harvesting beam with a macro fiber composite piezoelectric transducer. A two-dimensional model is developed based on the three-dim...
33 citations
Cites background from "Influence of adhesive bond layer on..."
...Moreover, the damage in the transducer can be represented by the variation of the reactance curves (Bhalla and Moharana, 2013; Moharana and Bhalla, 2015; Park et al., 2008)....
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TL;DR: An overview on frequent PWAS faults is given and the effects of these faults on the wave propagation, used for active acousto-ultrasonics-based SHM, are presented.
Abstract: The use of piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) for structural health monitoring (SHM) purposes is state of the art for acousto-ultrasonic-based methods. For system reliability, detailed information about the PWAS itself is necessary. This paper gives an overview on frequent PWAS faults and presents the effects of these faults on the wave propagation, used for active acousto-ultrasonics-based SHM. The analysis of the wave field is based on velocity measurements using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). New and established methods of PWAS inspection are explained in detail, listing advantages and disadvantages. The electro-mechanical impedance spectrum as basis for these methods is discussed for different sensor faults. This way this contribution focuses on a detailed analysis of PWAS and the need of their inspection for an increased reliability of SHM systems.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an innovative sensor self-diagnosis process based on extracting the characterization of the real admittance (inverse of impedance) signature within a high-frequency range, which covered both diagnosis on damaged sensor after its installation and discrimination of sensor and structural damages during structural health monitoring process.
Abstract: Piezoelectric sensor diagnosis and validity assessment as a prior component of structural health monitoring system are necessary in the practical application of electromechanical impedance technique. This article proposed an innovative sensor self-diagnosis process based on extracting the characterization of the real admittance (inverse of impedance) signature within a high-frequency range, which covered both diagnosis on damaged sensor after its installation and discrimination of sensor and structural damages during structural health monitoring process. Theoretical analysis was derived from the impedance model of piezoelectric-bonding layer-structure dynamic interaction system. Experimental investigations on piezoelectric sensor-bonded steel beam involved with structural damages of mass addition and notch damage were conducted to verify the process. It was found that the real admittance was reliable and critical in sensor diagnosis, and sensor faults of debonding, scratch, and breakage can be identified ...
27 citations
Cites background from "Influence of adhesive bond layer on..."
...Recently, Moharana and Bhalla (2015) analyzed the accurate power consumption in the PZT ceramic patch; it was found that adhesive bond may pose threat to the workability of PZT sensor if it is not carefully controlled....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a scaling analysis is performed to demonstrate that the effectiveness of actuators is independent of the size of the structure and evaluate various piezoelectric materials based on their effectiveness in transmitting strain to the substructure.
Abstract: This work presents the analytic and experimental development of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures, i.e., structures with highly distributed actuators, sensors, and processing networks. Static and dynamic analytic models are derived for segmented piezoelectric actuators that are either bonded to an elastic substructure or embedded in a laminated composite. These models lead to the ability to predict, a priori, the response of the structural member to a command voltage applied to the piezoelectric and give guidance as to the optimal location for actuator placement. A scaling analysis is performed to demonstrate that the effectiveness of piezoelectric actuators is independent of the size of the structure and to evaluate various piezoelectric materials based on their effectiveness in transmitting strain to the substructure. Three test specimens of cantilevered beams were constructed: an aluminum beam with surface-bonded actuators, a glass/epoxy beam with embedded actuators, and a graphite/epoxy beam with embedded actuators. The actuators were used to excite steady-state resonant vibrations in the cantilevered beams. The response of the specimens compared well with those predicted by the analytic models. Static tensile tests performed on glass/epoxy laminates indicated that the embedded actuator reduced the ultimate strength of the laminate by 20%, while not significantly affecting the global elastic modulus of the specimen.
2,719 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an active vibration damper for a cantilever beam was designed using a distributed-parameter actuator and distributedparameter control theory, and preliminary testing of the damper was performed on the first mode of the beam.
Abstract: An active vibration damper for a cantilever beam was designed using a distributed-parameter actuator and distributed-parameter control theory. The distributed-parameter actuator was a piezoelectric polymer, poly (vinylidene fluoride). Lyapunov's second method for distributed-parameter systems was used to design a control algorithm for the damper. If the angular velocity of the tip of the beam is known, all modes of the beam can be controlled simultaneously. Preliminary testing of the damper was performed on the first mode of the cantilever beam. A linear constant-gain controller and a nonlinear constant-amplitude controller were compared. The baseline loss factor of the first mode was 0.003 for large-amplitude vibrations (± 2 cm tip displacement) decreasing to 0.001 for small vibrations (±0.5 mm tip displacement). The constant-gain controller provided more than a factor of two increase in the modal damping with a feedback voltage limit of 200 V rms. With the same voltage limit, the constant-amplitude controller achieved the same damping as the constant-gain controller for large vibrations, but increased the modal loss factor by more than an order of magnitude to at least 0.040 for small vibration levels.
1,408 citations
"Influence of adhesive bond layer on..." refers methods in this paper
...In the beginning, several static modelling techniques were developed to determine the equivalent static forces or moments (Bailey and Hubbard, 1985; Crawley and De Luis, 1987; Dirmitriadis et al., 1989; Wang and Rogers, 1991)....
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01 Jan 1990
1,325 citations
"Influence of adhesive bond layer on..." refers background in this paper
...Theoretically, the electromechanical coupling coefficient can be expressed as (Ikeda, 1990)...
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...Theoretically, the electromechanical coupling coefficient can be expressed as (Ikeda, 1990) K2eff = Mechanical energy converted due to piezo deformation Total electrical energy input ð27Þ It can be seen that at lower frequency range, the force transfer phenomenon is accelerated to 50%–70% as…...
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TL;DR: In this paper, a coupled electro-mechanical analysis of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) actuators integrated in mechanical systems to determine the actuator power consumption and energy transfer is presented.
Abstract: This article presents a coupled electro-mechanical analysis of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) actuators integrated in mechanical systems to determine the actuator power consumption and energy transfer in the electro-mechanical systems. For a material system with integrated PZT actua tors, the power consumed by the PZT actuators consists of two parts: the energy used to drive the system, which is dissipated in terms of heat as a result of the structural damping, and energy dissi pated by the PZT actuators themselves because of their dielectric loss and internal damping. The coupled analysis presented herein uses a simple model, a PZT actuator-driven one-degree-of- freedom spring-mass-damper system, to illustrate the methodology used to determine the actuator power consumption and energy flow in the coupled electro-mechanical systems. This method can be applied to more complicated mechanical structures or systems, such as a fluid-loaded shell for active structural acoustic control. The determination of the act...
741 citations
"Influence of adhesive bond layer on..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The power factor of the piezo-driven system can be defined as (Liang et al., 1994)...
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...In the treatment of this article, the power supply system is not included in the coupled electromechanical analysis by assuming that the power supply system can always satisfy the current needs of the actuator, in line with the assumption of Liang et al. (1994)....
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...Liang et al. (1994) determined the power and energy variation using 1D EMI model to design an efficient intelligent structure and illustrated its optimized performance in real-life applications by studying the different components of power (reactive, dissipative) and power efficiency relationship....
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...The power factor of the piezo-driven system can be defined as (Liang et al., 1994) cosf= WD WA = Re Y jd= 0,h= 0 Y = G(d=h= 0)Yj j ð21Þ The system efficiency defined by equation (21) is used to evaluate the amount of the energy dissipated due to the structural damping, that is, the effectiveness of…...
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...Later on, the impedance-based analytical model developed by Liang and co-workers provided a better modelling of the dynamic characterization of PZT element–driven systems (Bhalla et al., 2009; Bhalla and Soh, 2004(b,c); Liang et al., 1994; Zhou et al., 1996)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of piezoelectric elements as strain sensors is investigated and the performance of PZT and PVDF sensors compared with conventional foil strain gages is demonstrated.
Abstract: This paper investigates the behavior of piezoelectric elements as strain sensors. Strain is measured in terms of the charge generated by the element as a result of the direct piezoelectric ef- fect. Strain measurements from piezoceramic (PZT) and piezofilm (PVDF) sensors are compared with strains from a conventional foil strain gage and the advantages of each type of sensor are dis- cussed, along with their limitations. The sensors are surface bonded to a beam and are calibrated over a frequency range of 5-500 Hz. Correction factors to account for transverse strain and shear lag ef- fects due to the bond layer are analytically derived and experimentally validated. The effect of tem- perature on the output of PZT strain sensors is investigated. Additionally, design of signal condition- ing electronics to collect the signals from the piezoelectric sensors is addressed. The superior performance of piezoelectric sensors compared to conventional strain gages in terms of sensitivity and signal to noise ratio is demonstrated.
624 citations