Influence of age and splanchnic nerve on glucagon-induced changes of adrenomedullary catecholamine content and blood glucose level in the avian group
01 Sep 1991-Journal of Comparative Physiology B-biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology (Springer Nature)-Vol. 161, Iss: 5, pp 532-536
TL;DR: The results indicate that the splanchnic nerve regulates release and/or resynthesis of CA induced by glucagon and that aging modulates glucagon-induced changes of catecholamine (CA) content.
Abstract: Glucagon (0.1 mg · 100 g body wt-1) increased norepinephrine (NE) content in adult pigeon (31%) and parakeet (58%), decreased NE content in the adrenal medulla of newly-hatched pigeon (36%), parakeet (52%), and crow (44%) 0.5 h after treatment. Epinephrine (E) content decreased to 26% and 59% of control values, respectively, in newly-hatched pigeon and parakeet 0.5 h after treatment. Glucagon produced hyperglycemia irrespective of age and species. The results indicate that aging modulates glucagon-induced changes of catecholamine (CA) content. In the innervated (I) adrenal gland of pigeon, glucagon caused a 31% increase of NE content 0.5 h after injection, a 46% decrease of NE content 12 h after injection, and a 192% increase of NE 24 h after injection. In the I gland of pigeons, glucagon also caused a 61% decrease of E content 4 h after injection, and brought about a 100% increase of E 24 h after injection. Glucagon-induced changes of CA content differ significantly between the I and denervated (D) glands. The results indicate that the splanchnic nerve regulates release and/or resynthesis of CA induced by glucagon.
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89 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Although progress has been made, it is apparent that research on the avian adrenal medulla still lags behind work on the mammalian organ.
Abstract: The purpose of this review is to explore the world literature on the avian adrenal medulla from the last 20 years. Unlike the mammalian adrenal medulla, the adrenal gland in birds has chromaffin cells mixed with cortical cells. Studies have investigated the ultrastructure (both transmission and scanning electron microscopy), biochemistry, and physiology (partic- ularly interactions with other endocrine glands) of the avian adrenal medulla. Although progress has been made, it is apparent that research on the avian adrenal medulla still lags behind work on the mammalian organ.
15 citations
References
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TL;DR: It was concluded that catecholamine release may afford adult chickens some resistance to pharmacological doses of insulin but hypoglycemia per se is not a major determining factor in evoking epinephrine secretion.
20 citations
TL;DR: Generally speaking, at a low dose of reserpine, the splanchnic nerve probably modulates depletion of CA from the adrenal medulla of the nonpasserine birds while the same is governed by some nonneurogenic mechanisms in the passerine birds.
11 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Splanchnic denervation of the left adrenal gland was made in adult pigeons of both sexes and failed to affect reserpine-induced epinephrine depletion while it prevented reser pine-induced norepinephrine depletion only at a low dose of Reserpine.
Abstract: Splanchnic denervation of the left adrenal gland was made in adult pigeons of both sexes. Denervation of the adrenal medulla alone did not produce any appreciable change in adrenomedullary catecholamine fluorescence in pigeon. Reserpine, at the doses of 0.05 mg, 0.2 mg and 0.8 mg/100 gm body weight was injected in both innervated and denervated pigeons. Reserpine, at all doses, induced catecholamine fluorescence depletion from the innervated pigeon adrenal medulla. Denervation failed to affect reserpine-induced epinephrine depletion while it prevented reserpine-induced norepinephrine depletion only at a low dose of reserpine.
10 citations
"Influence of age and splanchnic ner..." refers methods in this paper
...Sptanchnic denervation of the left adrenal gland was done in all pigeons according to the method described earlier (Mahata and Ghosh 1985)....
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TL;DR: Norepinephrine (NE) and Epinephrine (E) were found to be the major hormones in the adrenal medulla of the newly‐hatched passerine and non‐passerine birds respectively.
Abstract: Catechol hormones (Norepinephrine and Epinephrine) content in the adrenal medulla of 25 species of the newly‐hatched and adult birds were investigated. Norepinephrine (NE) and Epinephrine (E) were found to be the major hormones in the adrenal medulla of the newly‐hatched passerine and non‐passerine birds respectively. E was the preponderant hormone in the adrenal medulla of the adult passerine birds. The adrenal medulla of the adult non‐passerine birds produced either NE as the predominant catechol hormone or NE and E in almost equal proportion as the adrenomedullary hormones.
8 citations
TL;DR: It is pointed out that the splanchnic nerve stimulates resynthesis of NE and synthesis of E induced by insulin, and this indicates that the splits prevents early phase of insulin-induced depletion of NE.
8 citations