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Journal ArticleDOI

Influence of birefringence dispersion on distributed measurement of polarization coupling in birefringent fibers

01 Jul 2007-Optical Engineering (International Society for Optics and Photonics)-Vol. 46, Iss: 7, pp 075006
TL;DR: In this article, a white light interferometer is developed to measure the distributed polarization coupling in high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs), which is a nonnegligible factor in a long-fiber test.
Abstract: A white light interferometer is developed to measure the distributed polarization coupling in high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs). Usually the birefringence dispersion between two orthogonal eigenmodes of PMFs is neglected in such systems. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the birefringence dispersion becomes a nonnegligible factor in a long-fiber test. Significant broadening of interferograms and loss of longitudinal coherence are observed. The spatial resolution and measurement sensitivity of the system decrease correspondingly. Optimum spectrum width selection is presented for better spatial resolution and measurement range. c 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distributed measurement of polarization characteristics for an MFIOC is reviewed, including the measurement principle based on the optical coherence domain polarimetry (OCDP), the modeling methodsbased on the Jones matrix and optical path, and the measurement performance.
Abstract: Multifunctional integrated optical chip (MFIOC) has the function of phase modulation, beam split, and polarization rejection, thus is widely used in fiber-optic sensing, in particular, the interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG). In this paper, we reviewed the distributed measurement of polarization characteristics for an MFIOC, including the measurement principle based on the optical coherence domain polarimetry (OCDP), the modeling methods based on the Jones matrix and optical path, and the measurement performance. Also, the system errors that result from the optical delay line in the OCDP instrument or the birefringence dispersion in the MFIOC, the relevant suppression techniques, and the calibration technique are discussed. The technique meets the measurement requirement of MFIOC that with the polarization extinction ratio of more than 80 dB. Such MFIOC is the key component of the IFOG that with the strategic-grade performance.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicated that by controlling the AA range within 0°±5°, the OA range within 45°±2° and combining with dispersion compensation process, the maximal PER measurement error can be limited to under 1.4 dB.
Abstract: Measurement error for the polarization extinction ratio (PER) of a multifunctional integrated optic chip (MFIOC) utilizing white light interferometry was analyzed. Three influence factors derived from the all-fiber device (or optical circuit) under test were demonstrated to be the main error sources, including: 1) the axis-alignment angle (AA) of the connection point between the extended polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) and the chip PMF pigtail; 2) the oriented angle (OA) of the linear polarizer; and 3) the birefringence dispersion of PMF and the MFIOC chip. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicated that by controlling the AA range within 0°±5°, the OA range within 45°±2° and combining with dispersion compensation process, the maximal PER measurement error can be limited to under 1.4 dB, with the 3σ uncertainty of 0.3 dB. The variations of birefringence dispersion effect versus PMF length were also discussed to further confirm the validity of dispersion compensation. A MFIOC with the PER of ∼50 dB was experimentally tested, and the total measurement error was calculated to be ∼0.7 dB, which proved the effectiveness of the proposed error reduction methods. We believe that these methods are able to facilitate high-accuracy PER measurement.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The optical coherence domain polarimetry (OCDPP) as mentioned in this paper is a measurement method based on the white light interferometry (WLI) and accurately measures the position and amplitude of the distributed polarization crosstalk using a scanning WLI to realize interference between different polarized modes.
Abstract: The polarization crosstalk of a fiber optic polarization component and device refers to the optical power coupling that occurs at a disturbance point between the two orthogonal polarized modes propagating in it. The distributed polarization crosstalk along with the light propagation direction is directly responsible for the optical polarization properties, for example, the polarization, elliptical polarization, and depolarization properties. It also indirectly reflects the manufacturing technique and the state of the ambient environment, for example, the stress and strain at the joint and fixed position, as well as the temperature. Thus, it is the comprehensive embodiment of the intrinsic performance of the fiber optic polarization component and device and the influence of environment. It is expected to be a general characteristic parameter for online testing, diagnosis, and evaluation of the performance of the fiber optic polarization component and device. The best measurement method for distributed polarization crosstalk till now is the optical coherence domain polarimetry (OCDP). It is based on the white light interferometry and accurately measures the position and amplitude of the distributed polarization crosstalk using a scanning white light interferometer to realize interference between different polarized modes. It has the merits of ultrahigh sensitivity, ultra-wide dynamic range, and ultra-long measurable length. This review paper takes the polarization maintaining fiber coil and multifunctional integrated optical modulator as examples of distributed polarization crosstalk measurement and application. Firstly, the measurement principle of distributed polarization crosstalk based on the OCDP is introduced. Secondly, the measurement error sources and corresponding suppression methods are reviewed. Thirdly, the accurate measurement results of the fiber optic polarization component and device at different temperature are demonstrated. In the end, it outlooks the development of distributed polarization crosstalk measurement considering the complicated and changeable operation environment of the fiber optic polarization component and device.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Xiaobin Xu1, Ningfang Song1, Zhang Zhihao1, Zuchen Zhang1, Jing Jin1, Chunxi Zhang1 
TL;DR: In this article, the orientation of the birefringent axes induced by residual core ellipticity fluctuates with an average period of ~2.5 cm and random angles uniformly distributed over approximately [−7.5°, 7.5 °] and [−1.1°, −1.2°].

2 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 May 2018
TL;DR: The dual-channel simultaneous measurement method used for evaluating the temperature-dependent polarization characteristics evaluation is addressed and the dual-Channel simultaneous Measurement method for modeling the polarization characteristics measurement and modeling methods are introduced.
Abstract: Advances in distributed measurement of polarization characteristics for a Y waveguide using optical coherence domain polarimetry (OCDP) is reviewed in this paper. The polarization characteristics measurement and modeling methods for Y waveguide are introduced. The OCDP system errors induced by the optical delay line and birefringence dispersion are analyzed, and the relevant suppression techniques are provided. In the end, the dual-channel simultaneous measurement method used for evaluating the temperature-dependent polarization characteristics evaluation is also addressed.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the classification of high-birefringent and low-birrringent fibers and their fabrication methods and characteristics are discussed in Section II and Section III, respectively.
Abstract: Polarization-maintaining fibers and their applications are reviewed. The classification of high-birefringent fibers and low-birefringent fibers and their fabrication methods and characteristics are discussed in Section II. Analytical methods and numerical methods for fiber design on the birefringence are presented in Section III. Degradation factors of polarization maintenance expressed as crosstalk or mode-coupling parameters caused by internal origins such as structural imperfections, wavelength, and nonlinear effects, and by external origins such as temperature fluctuations, mechanical perturbations, and electromagnetic effects, are discussed in Section IV. Characterization methods on beat length, mode coupling, stress distribution, and mechanical strength are presented in Section V. Applications to the fiber devices and nonlinear effects, and splicing methods for the polarization-maintaining fibers are described in Sections VI and VII.

593 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new interferometric scheme for measuring mode conversion distributed locally along a polarizationmaintaining fiber is presented and the power coupling coefficient, varying with magnitude and angle of external pressure transversely applied to a fiber, was evaluated both theoretically and experimentally.
Abstract: A new interferometric scheme for measuring mode conversion distributed locally along a polarization-maintaining fiber is presented. Using this technique the power coupling coefficient, varying with magnitude and angle of external pressure transversely applied to a fiber, was evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. The coupling point location is determined with ±1.5-cm accuracy and resolution of better than 10 cm for a 220-m long fiber having modal birefringence of 4.4 × 10−4. The coupling coefficient was proportional to the external force in the range from 5 × 10−3 to 0.1 kg/mm. The relationships determined experimentally reflected those predicted by theory.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work investigates the influence of setup parameters on the shape of the correlogram of white-light interferometry, a well-established method for measuring the height profiles of samples with rough as well as with smooth surfaces.
Abstract: White-light interferometry is a well-established method for measuring the height profiles of samples with rough as well as with smooth surfaces. Because white-light interferometry uses broadband light sources, the problem of dispersion arises. Because the optical paths in the two interferometer arms cannot be balanced for all wavelengths, the white-light correlogram is distorted, which interferes with its evaluation. We investigate the influence of setup parameters on the shape of the correlogram. Calculated values are compared with experimental results.

64 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a functional distributed fiber-optic stress-location measurement technique by arbitrary shaping of the optical coherence function has been demonstrated, which measures the distribution or location of stress-induced polarization mode coupling in a polarization-maintaining fiber by manipulating the Optical Coherence Function (OCF).
Abstract: A functional distributed fiber-optic stress-location measurement technique by arbitrary shaping of the optical coherence function has been demonstrated. The technique measures the distribution or location of stress-induced polarization mode coupling in a polarization-maintaining fiber by manipulating the optical coherence function. The location of applied stress is given by optical path difference between the two polarization modes, which is determined by the synthesis of the coherence function. Three types of coherence function-a scanning peak, a scanning low-sidelobe peak, and a standing triangle-have been synthesized experimentally and used for stress locating. When using the coherence function of scanning peak, the coherence peak is slid to scan over the measurement range by a phase modulation to obtain the stress distribution; when using the triangular coherence function, the detection range is set within a linear slope of the triangle so that the stress location is directly converted into the value of the coherence degree.

61 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The technique is demonstrated to measure first-, second-, and third-order dispersion of the differential propagation constant, corresponding to differential group delay (DGD) and its dispersion to second order; measurements are immune to asymmetry in the interferomgram that is being processed.
Abstract: We present an interferometric technique for measurement of the dispersion of birefringence in polarization-maintaining fibers. The approach yields measurements over a broad spectral range from analysis of single interferograms obtained in a tandem inteferometer. The technique is demonstrated to measure first-, second-, and third-order dispersion of the differential propagation constant, corresponding to differential group delay (DGD) and its dispersion to second order; measurements are immune to asymmetry in the interferomgram that is being processed. The technique is further applied to measurement of the temperature dependence of DGD and its first-order dispersion.

60 citations