Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties.

doi:10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2008.06.039

Home
/
Papers
/
Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties.

Journal Article•DOI•

Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties.

María Jesús Ramos¹, Carmen María Fernández¹, Abraham Casas¹, Lourdes Rodríguez¹, Ángel Pérez¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

University of Castilla–La Mancha¹

01 Jan 2009-Bioresource Technology (Elsevier)-Vol. 100, Iss: 1, pp 261-268

TL;DR: A triangular graph based on the composition in monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated methyl esters was built in order to predict the critical parameters of European standard for whatever biodiesel, known its composition.

read less

About: This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2009-01-01. It has received 1667 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biodiesel production & EN 14214.

...read moreread less

Citations

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications

[...]

S. Kent Hoekman¹, Amber Broch¹, Curtis Robbins¹, Eric Ceniceros¹, Mani Natarajan² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Desert Research Institute¹, Marathon Oil²

01 Jan 2012-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this paper, the fatty acid (FA) profiles of 12 common biodiesel feedstocks were summarized, and it was shown that several fuel properties, including viscosity, specific gravity, cetane number, iodine value, and low temperature performance metrics are highly correlated with the average unsaturation of the FA profiles.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable transportation fuel consisting of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), generally produced by transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats. In this review, the fatty acid (FA) profiles of 12 common biodiesel feedstocks were summarized. Considerable compositional variability exists across the range of feedstocks. For example, coconut, palm and tallow contain high amounts of saturated FA; while corn, rapeseed, safflower, soy, and sunflower are dominated by unsaturated FA. Much less information is available regarding the FA profiles of algal lipids that could serve as biodiesel feedstocks. However, some algal species contain considerably higher levels of poly-unsaturated FA than is typically found in vegetable oils. Differences in chemical and physical properties among biodiesel fuels can be explained largely by the fuels’ FA profiles. Two features that are especially influential are the size distribution and the degree of unsaturation within the FA structures. For the 12 biodiesel types reviewed here, it was shown that several fuel properties – including viscosity, specific gravity, cetane number, iodine value, and low temperature performance metrics – are highly correlated with the average unsaturation of the FAME profiles. Due to opposing effects of certain FAME structural features, it is not possible to define a single composition that is optimum with respect to all important fuel properties. However, to ensure satisfactory in-use performance with respect to low temperature operability and oxidative stability, biodiesel should contain relatively low concentrations of both long-chain saturated FAME and poly-unsaturated FAME.

...read moreread less

1,527 citations

Cites background from "Influence of fatty acid composition..."

...Several researchers have investigated design of preferred FAME components to optimize biodiesel’s performance with respect to cold flow and oxidative stability [95,106,107]....
[...]
...defined a parameter called degree of unsaturation (DU), similar to the calculated “average unsaturation” property discussed above, but weighted diand tri-unsaturated species twice as much as mono-unsaturated species [95]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production

[...]

Abdulaziz Atabani¹, Arridina Susan Silitonga¹, Hwai Chyuan Ong¹, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia², Haji Hassan Masjuki¹, Irfan Anjum Badruddin¹, H. Fayaz¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

University of Malaya¹, Universiti Tenaga Nasional²

01 Feb 2013-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: The use of non-edible plant oils is very significant because of the tremendous demand for edible oils as food source as mentioned in this paper, however, edible oils’ feedstock costs are far expensive to be used as fuel.

...read moreread less

Abstract: World energy demand is expected to increase due to the expanding urbanization, better living standards and increasing population. At a time when society is becoming increasingly aware of the declining reserves of fossil fuels beside the environmental concerns, it has become apparent that biodiesel is destined to make a substantial contribution to the future energy demands of the domestic and industrial economies. There are different potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. Non-edible vegetable oils which are known as the second generation feedstocks can be considered as promising substitutions for traditional edible food crops for the production of biodiesel. The use of non-edible plant oils is very significant because of the tremendous demand for edible oils as food source. Moreover, edible oils’ feedstock costs are far expensive to be used as fuel. Therefore, production of biodiesel from non-edible oils is an effective way to overcome all the associated problems with edible oils. However, the potential of converting non-edible oil into biodiesel must be well examined. This is because physical and chemical properties of biodiesel produced from any feedstock must comply with the limits of ASTM and DIN EN specifications for biodiesel fuels. This paper introduces non-edible vegetable oils to be used as biodiesel feedstocks. Several aspects related to these feedstocks have been reviewed from various recent publications. These aspects include overview of non-edible oil resources, advantages of non-edible oils, problems in exploitation of non-edible oils, fatty acid composition profiles (FAC) of various non-edible oils, oil extraction techniques, technologies of biodiesel production from non-edible oils, biodiesel standards and characterization, properties and characteristic of non-edible biodiesel and engine performance and emission production. As a conclusion, it has been found that there is a huge chance to produce biodiesel from non-edible oil sources and therefore it can boost the future production of biodiesel.

...read moreread less

1,017 citations

Cites background from "Influence of fatty acid composition..."

...5 mg KOH/g in the European standard (EN 14104) and ASTM D 664 [51,138,154]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production.

[...]

Aninidita Karmakar¹, Subrata Karmakar¹, Souti Mukherjee¹•Institutions (1)

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya¹

01 Oct 2010-Bioresource Technology

TL;DR: Physico-chemical properties of the plant and animal resources that are being used as feedstocks for biodiesel production are reviewed to help meet the ever increasing demand of biodieselProduction.

...read moreread less

680 citations

Cites background from "Influence of fatty acid composition..."

...Palm biodiesel, rich in these compounds shows one of the highest CFPP along with neem and Moringa biodiesel (Table 4)....
[...]
...Similar to cloud point, the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of biodiesel also varies with the fatty acid content; with a lower fraction of saturated fatty acids resulting in a lower CFPP, and a higher fraction of saturated fatty acids resulting in a higher CFPP. CFPP of a fuel is generally lower than its cloud point....
[...]
...Research study (Ramos et al., 2009) on the influence of fatty acid composition of vegetable oils on the quality of biodiesel indicated that low cetane numbers have been associated with more highly unsaturated components (C18:2 and C18:3)....
[...]
...Peanut biodiesel, rich in methyl esters of long carbon chain saturated fatty acids like behenic (C22:0) and lignoceric (C24:0) acid shows a worst CFPP (Ramos et al., 2009)....
[...]
...Therefore, vegetable oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids, such as soybean and sunflower tend to give methyl ester fuels with poor oxidation stability (Table 4) whereas non-polyunsaturated fuels, such as palm and olive methyl ester generally show improved stability (Ramos et al., 2009)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Predicting cetane number, kinematic viscosity, density and higher heating value of biodiesel from its fatty acid methyl ester composition

[...]

Luis Felipe Ramírez-Verduzco¹, Javier Esteban Rodríguez-Rodríguez¹, Alicia del Rayo Jaramillo-Jacob¹•Institutions (1)

Mexican Institute of Petroleum¹

01 Jan 2012-Fuel

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the characterization of two biodiesel samples made from beef tallow and soybean oil through their fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profile.

...read moreread less

570 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Overview on the current trends in biodiesel production

[...]

N.N.A.N. Yusuf¹, Siti Kartom Kamarudin¹, Z. Yaakub¹•Institutions (1)

National University of Malaysia¹

01 Jul 2011-Energy Conversion and Management

TL;DR: In this paper, various methods for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oil, such as direct use and blending, microemulsion, pyrolysis and transesterification, are reviewed.

...read moreread less

544 citations

1
2
3
4
…
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200

Collapse

References

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Biodiesel production : a review

[...]

Fangrui Ma¹, Milford A. Hanna¹•Institutions (1)

University of Nebraska–Lincoln¹

31 Oct 1999-Bioresource Technology

TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats.

...read moreread less

4,902 citations

"Influence of fatty acid composition..." refers background in this paper

...Several reviews dealing with the production of biodiesel by transesterification have been published (Dermibas, 2005; Fukuda et al., 2001; Ma and Hanna, 1999; Schuchardt et al., 1998)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification—a review

[...]

Lekha Charan Meher¹, D. Vidya Sagar¹, Satya Narayan Naik¹•Institutions (1)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi¹

01 Jun 2006-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this paper, various methods of preparation of biodiesel with different combination of oil and catalysts have been described and technical tools and processes for monitoring the transesterification reactions like TLC, GC, HPLC, GPC, 1H NMR and NIR have also been summarized.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Biodiesel is gaining more and more importance as an attractive fuel due to the depleting fossil fuel resources. Chemically biodiesel is monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stock like vegetable oils and animal fats. It is produced by transesterification in which, oil or fat is reacted with a monohydric alcohol in presence of a catalyst. The process of transesterification is affected by the mode of reaction condition, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, type of alcohol, type and amount of catalysts, reaction time and temperature and purity of reactants. In the present paper various methods of preparation of biodiesel with different combination of oil and catalysts have been described. The technical tools and processes for monitoring the transesterification reactions like TLC, GC, HPLC, GPC, 1H NMR and NIR have also been summarized. In addition, fuel properties and specifications provided by different countries are discussed.

...read moreread less

3,232 citations

"Influence of fatty acid composition..." refers background in this paper

...Higher the cetane number is, better it is in its ignition properties (Meher et al., 2006)....
[...]
...Usage of biodiesel will allow a balance to be sought between agriculture, economic development and the environment (Meher et al., 2006)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils.

[...]

Hideki Fukuda¹, Akihiko Kondo¹, Hideo Noda•Institutions (1)

Kobe University¹

01 Jan 2001-Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering

TL;DR: Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters), which is derived from triglycerides by transesterification with methanol, has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel.

...read moreread less

2,185 citations

"Influence of fatty acid composition..." refers background in this paper

...Several reviews dealing with the production of biodiesel by transesterification have been published (Dermibas, 2005; Fukuda et al., 2001; Ma and Hanna, 1999; Schuchardt et al., 1998)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters

[...]

Gerhard Knothe¹•Institutions (1)

National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research¹

25 Jun 2005-Fuel Processing Technology

TL;DR: In this paper, structural features that influence the physical and fuel properties of a fatty ester molecule are chain length, degree of unsaturation, and branching of the chain, as well as the structural features of the fatty acid and the alcohol moieties.

...read moreread less

2,145 citations

"Influence of fatty acid composition..." refers background or result in this paper

...Relative rates of oxidation given in the literature are 1 for methyl oleate, 41 for methyl linoleate and 98 for methyl linolenate (Knothe, 2005; Knothe et al., 2005)....
[...]
...Similar results were obtained by different authors (Knothe, 2005; McCormick et al., 2007; Park et al., 2008)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils

[...]

B. Freedman, E. H. Pryde, T. L. Mounts

01 Oct 1984-Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the conversion to methyl, ethyl and butyl esters from cottonseed, peanut, soybean and sunflower oils can be done in 1 hr with an alkaline catalyst.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Transesterification reaction variables that affect yield and purity of the product esters from cottonseed, peanut, soybean and sunflower oils include molar ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil, type of catalyst (alkaline vs acidic), temperature and degree of refinement of the vegetable oil. With alkaline catalysts (either sodium hydroxide or methoxide), temperatures of 60 C or higher, molar ratios of at least 6 to 1 and with fully refined oils, conversion to methyl, ethyl and butyl esters was essentially complete in 1 hr. At moderate temperatures (32 C), vegetable oils were 99% transesterified in ca. 4 hr with an alkaline catalyst. Transesterification by acid catalysis was much slower than by alkali catalysis. Although the crude oils could be transesterified, ester yields were reduced because of gums and extraneous material present in the crude oils.

...read moreread less

1,990 citations

"Influence of fatty acid composition..." refers background in this paper

...However, in homogeneous catalysis, alkali catalysis (sodium or potassium hydroxide; or the corresponding alkoxides) is a much more rapid process than acid catalysis (Freedman et al., 1984)....
[...]