Influence of legume residue and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in Bauchi state, Nigeria.
01 Jan 2015-African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (Rural Outreach Program (Kenya))-Vol. 15, Iss: 3, pp 10060-10076
TL;DR: Based on the results obtained, application of 60kgN/ha as top dress to sorghum grown on cowpea or soybean residue should be adopted by farmers in and around Bauchi state for higher yield.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University teaching and research farm Bauchi (10 o 22' N and 9 o 47'E) and also at Bulkachuwa village of Katagum LGA. (11 o 38'N and 10 o 31'E) both in Bauchi state, during the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 to determine the influence of legume residue and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The treatments consist of two legumes (cowpea and soybean), nitrogen fertilizer applied at the rate of 0, 15, 30 and 60kgN/ha, both used to determine the performance of a Sorghum (variety; KSV 8). The legumes were sown in the first year while using the same site/plots, sorghum was then sown in the second year. The experiment was laid out in both years using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. No data were collected on the legumes in the first year while data collected on sorghum in the second year included; plant height, number of leaves, 1000 grain weight and grain yield (kg/ha). The results of the experiment revealed that, growing sorghum on cowpea and soybean residue had significant (P≤0.05) effect on all the characters measured than on fallow. The results further revealed that, application of nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 60kgN/ha gave significantly (P≤0.01) higher effects on all the characters studied than when the other rates were used. Control plots on the other hand recorded the least. It was also observed that, siting the experiment at Bauchi significantly (P≤0.05) produced higher yield than when the experiment was carried out at Bulkachuwa. Studies on interaction revealed that, irrespective of the location used, application of 60kgN/ha following cowpea and soybean in rotation significantly (P≤0.01) increased yield of sorghum. Based on the results obtained, application of 60kgN/ha as top dress to sorghum grown on cowpea or soybean residue should be adopted by farmers in and around Bauchi state for higher yield. Key words : Legume, Residue, Nitrogen, Sorghum, Yield abusafiyyabkc@yahoo.com
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TL;DR: A field experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat for two consecutive seasons during 2015-2016 as mentioned in this paper, where three main plots (no organic/fallow, green manuring with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and crop residue of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) and seven sub plots (Control / no FYM (Farm yard manure), 50% N equivalent through FYM
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used crop models already available in the APSIM platform to simulate plant production and the soil water and nutrient cycles of plots cultivated with groundnut, millet, sorghum, maize, and rice on three (two upland and one lowland) soil fertility classes and subjected to five levels of management.
Abstract: West African land use systems have been experiencing one of the fastest transformations in the world over recent decades. The Sudanian savanna is an interesting example, as it hosts the cultivation of some crops typical of the Guinean savanna as well as some of the Sahel. Therefore, this region is likely to experience further changes in its crop portfolio over the next decades due to crop migration processes responding to environmental change. Simulation approaches can guide the development of agricultural production strategies that contribute to sustainably optimize both food and fuel production. This study used crop models already available in the APSIM platform to simulate plant production and the soil water and nutrient cycles of plots cultivated with groundnut, millet, sorghum, maize, and rice on three (two upland and one lowland) soil fertility classes and subjected to five levels of management (conventional tillage without residue incorporated to the soil and nor fertilizer application; conventional tillage without residue incorporated to the soil and 5 kg N ha−1; conventional tillage with residue incorporated to the soil 20 kg N ha−1, and no-till herbicide treated with 50 and 100 kg N ha−1). Simulation outputs were contrasted against data reported in the literature and converted into nutritional, fuel and feed yields based on the qualities and uses of their different plant comparments. Groundnut yields outperformed all of the cereals across most growing conditions, nutritional and feed indicators. Maize and rice provided the highest caloric yields, with the least fertile growing conditions. Sorghum provided average to high caloric and iron yields across all of the treatments. Millet provided the highest iron yields and high fuel yields across most treatments. Some simulated treatments could not be compared against literature review data because of their absence in actual cropping systems and the lack of experimental data. Plant production was simulated with higher accuracy than the other components of the simulation. In particular, there is a need to better parameterize and validate the rice, groundnut and millet models under Sudanian savanna conditions in order to perform more accurate comparative assessments among species.
2 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Results showed that incorporation soybean biomass treated with P and Bradyrhizobium increased the OM and available P, and recommend that soybean-sugarcane intercropping and the need of inoculation and P application to increase the profitability of the suggested cropping system.
Abstract: This study was initiated to investigate the effect of intercropped soybean biomass incorporation on sugar yield at Metahara Sugar Estate. The treatment consisted of combined application of four P rates and three levels of inoculation and was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Results showed that incorporation soybean biomass treated with P and Bradyrhizobium increased the OM and available P. Sole sugarcane produced higher millable stalk when compared than sugarcane planted in intercropping. However, sole sugarcane produced inferior stalk diameter and juice purity. It was also found that significantly higher cane and sugar yields were recorded in plots amended with soybean biomass and sole sugarcane cultivation. Intercropping improved land equivalent ratio and net return compared with the sole cropping of soybean/sugarcane. Hence, these results recommend that soybean-sugarcane intercropping and the need of inoculation and P application to increase the profitability of the suggested cropping system.
2 citations
TL;DR: C crop residues of previous grown legumes can be used to overcome the problem of soil fertility and proper management and utilisation of crop residues can be important factor in achieving the increased food production and enhanced soil fertility.
Abstract: Hence, use of organic manures is now gaining momentum, but incorporation of organic manures requires bulk quantities which may not be much affordable by small and marginal farmers. In this context, crop residues of previous grown legumes can be used to overcome the problem of soil fertility. Incorporation of crop residues alters the soil environment, which in turn influences microbial population and activity in soil and subsequent nutrient transformations (Yadvinder-Singh et al., 2005). Proper management and utilisation of crop residues can be important factor in achieving the increased food production and enhanced soil fertility. Legumes are well known to fix up atmospheric nitrogen to enhance soil fertility while leaving some nitrogen in their residues which can be used by subsequent crops.
1 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests, and the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition.
Abstract: Nutritional Physiology: Introduction, Definition, and Classification of Mineral Nutrients. Ion Uptake Mechanisms of Individual Cells and Roots: Short Distance Transport. Long-Distance Transport in the Xylem and Phloem and its Regulation. Uptake and Release of Mineral Elements by Leaves and Other Aerial Plant Parts. Yield and the Source-Sink Relationships. Mineral Nutrition and Yield Response. Nitrogen Fixation. Functions of Mineral Nutrients: Macronutrients. Function of Mineral Nutrients: Micronutrients. Beneficial Mineral Elements. Relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests. Diagnosis of Deficiency and Toxicity of Mineral Nutrients. Plant-Soil Relationships: Nutrient Availability in Soils. Effect of Internal and External Factors on Root Growth and Development. The Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition. Adaptation of Plants to Adverse Chemical Soil Conditions. References. Subject Index.
18,276 citations
"Influence of legume residue and nit..." refers result in this paper
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between mineral nutrition and plant diseases and pests, and diagnose deficiency and toxicity of mineral nutrients in leaves and other aerial parts of a plant.
Abstract: Nutritional Physiology: Introduction, Definition, and Classification of Mineral Nutrients. Ion Uptake Mechanisms of Individual Cells and Roots: Short Distance Transport. Long-Distance Transport in the Xylem and Phloem and its Regulation. Uptake and Release of Mineral Elements by Leaves and Other Aerial Plant Parts. Yield and the Source-Sink Relationships. Mineral Nutrition and Yield Response. Nitrogen Fixation. Functions of Mineral Nutrients: Macronutrients. Function of Mineral Nutrients: Micronutrients. Beneficial Mineral Elements. Relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests. Diagnosis of Deficiency and Toxicity of Mineral Nutrients. Plant-Soil Relationships: Nutrient Availability in Soils. Effect of Internal and External Factors on Root Growth and Development. The Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition. Adaptation of Plants to Adverse Chemical Soil Conditions. References. Subject Index.
16,025 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that on the nutrient poor Sudano-Sahelian soils of the study, total dry matter increases of rotation cereals compared with continuous cereals can be explained by higher Nmin and AM infection levels early in the season.
Abstract: Yield increases of cereals following legumes in rotation have been previously reported for West Africa, but little progress has been made to explain the mechanisms involved. At four sites in Niger and Burkina Faso, field trials with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were conducted from 1996 to 1998 to investigate the role of soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin), native arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and nematodes in cereal/legume rotations. Grain and total dry matter yields of cereals at harvest were increased by legume/cereal rotations at all sites. Soil Nmin levels in the topsoil were consistently higher in cereal plots previously sown with legumes (rotation cereals) compared with plots under continuous cereal cultivation. However, these rotation effects on Nmin were much larger with groundnut than with cowpea. Roots of rotation cereals also had higher early AM infection rates compared to continuous cereals. The dominant plant-parasitic nematodes found in all experiment fields were Helicotylenchus sp., Rotylenchus sp. and Pratylenchus sp. In sorghum/groundnut cropping systems, nematode densities were consistently lower in rotation sorghum compared to continuous sorghum. Continuous groundnut had the lowest nematode densities indicating that groundnut was a poor host for the three nematode groups. In millet/cowpea cropping systems with inherently high nematode densities, crop rotations barely affected nematode densities indicating that both crops were good hosts. These results suggest that on the nutrient poor Sudano-Sahelian soils of our study, total dry matter increases of rotation cereals compared with continuous cereals can be explained by higher Nmin and AM infection levels early in the season. The site-specific magnitude of these effects may be related to the efficiency of the legume species to suppress nematode populations and increase plant available N through N2-fixation.
193 citations
TL;DR: Evidence of substantial exudation by the proteoid roots of Lupinus albus is presented, indicating that phosphorus efficient plants have root morphology with multi-branched roots and localised regions of densely packed root hairs, which is better suited to the retention of substances exuded by the roots than uptake of substances moving to the root by diffusion.
Abstract: Current theories of phosphorus uptake by plants imply that they can augment diffusion to their root axes by the development of abundant root hairs or mycorrhizas. Some phosphorus efficient plants have root morphology with multi-branched roots and localised regions of densely packed root hairs, which we suggest is better suited to the retention of substances exuded by the roots than uptake of substances moving to the root by diffusion. Evidence of substantial exudation by the proteoid roots ofLupinus albus is presented.
143 citations
TL;DR: A 5-year study was conducted from 1988 to 1992 at three sites in Niger to determine the effects of crop rotation of a cereal and legumes and nitrogen fertilizer on chemical properties of the soil (0-20 cm) and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.BR), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.), Walp.), and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Four N levels and rotation treatments including continuous fallow were investigated as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A 5-year study was conducted from 1988 to 1992 at three sites in Niger to determine the effects of crop rotation of a cereal and legumes and nitrogen fertilizer on chemical properties of the soil (0–20 cm) and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.BR.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Four N levels and rotation treatments including continuous fallow were investigated. Soil samples taken from the top 20 cm depth at the end of the experiment from treatments without nitrogen application which included continuous fallow, fallow–millet rotation, groundnut–millet rotation, cowpea–millet rotation, and continuous millet were analysed for soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and exchangeable bases. Fertilizer N significantly increased yield of pearl millet, cowpea and groundnut. Continuous monocropping of pearl millet resulted in lower yields across N levels compared to legume–millet rotations. Legume yields were also consistently lower in monoculture than when rotated with millet. There was a decline in organic matter under continuous millet, cowpea–millet rotation and groundnut–millet rotation. The fallow–millet rotation supplied more mineral N than the legume–millet rotations. Nitrogen availability was greater in cowpea–millet rotation than continuous millet. Crop rotation was more productive than the continuous monoculture but did not differ in maintaining soil organic matter. The legume–millet rotation at 30 kg/ha N appears to be the most viable for millet production. Research should focus on understanding the effect of legume/cereal intercrops and rotations on soil productivity.
133 citations