scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Influence of maternal obesity on the long-term health of offspring.

TL;DR: There is an urgent need for studies on causality, underlying mechanisms, and effective interventions to reverse the epidemic of obesity in women of childbearing age and to mitigate consequences for offspring.
About: This article is published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.The article was published on 2017-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 615 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Offspring & Pregnancy.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
08 Feb 2017-BMJ
TL;DR: Increased prepregnancy maternal insulin resistance and accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress seem to contribute to early placental and fetal dysfunction in obese women.
Abstract: Obesity is the most common medical condition in women of reproductive age. Obesity during pregnancy has short term and long term adverse consequences for both mother and child. Obesity causes problems with infertility, and in early gestation it causes spontaneous pregnancy loss and congenital anomalies. Metabolically, obese women have increased insulin resistance in early pregnancy, which becomes manifest clinically in late gestation as glucose intolerance and fetal overgrowth. At term, the risk of cesarean delivery and wound complications is increased. Postpartum, obese women have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, depression, and difficulty with breast feeding. Because 50-60% of overweight or obese women gain more than recommended by Institute of Medicine gestational weight guidelines, postpartum weight retention increases future cardiometabolic risks and prepregnancy obesity in subsequent pregnancies. Neonates of obese women have increased body fat at birth, which increases the risk of childhood obesity. Although there is no unifying mechanism responsible for the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity, on the basis of the available data, increased prepregnancy maternal insulin resistance and accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress seem to contribute to early placental and fetal dysfunction. We will review the pathophysiology underlying these data and try to shed light on the specific underlying mechanisms.

669 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For women who are already obese, renewed efforts should be made towards improved management during pregnancy, especially of blood glucose, and increased attention to post-partum weight management.

657 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A sharper focus on intervention before conception is needed to improve maternal and child health and reduce the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, and health professionals should be alerted to ways of identifying women who are planning a pregnancy.

611 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the recent knowledge mainly derived from rodent models regarding the CNS-dependent regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis is given, and how dysregulation of the involved neuronal networks promotes overnutrition and obesity is illustrated.
Abstract: The 'obesity epidemic' represents a major global socioeconomic burden that urgently calls for a better understanding of the underlying causes of increased weight gain and its associated metabolic comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Improving our understanding of the cellular basis of obesity could set the stage for the development of new therapeutic strategies. The CNS plays a pivotal role in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. Distinct neuronal cell populations, particularly within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, sense the nutrient status of the organism and integrate signals from peripheral hormones including pancreas-derived insulin and adipocyte-derived leptin to regulate calorie intake, glucose metabolism and energy expenditure. The arcuate neurons are tightly connected to other specialized neuronal subpopulations within the hypothalamus, but also to various extrahypothalamic brain regions, allowing a coordinated behavioral response. This At a Glance article gives an overview of the recent knowledge, mainly derived from rodent models, regarding the CNS-dependent regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis, and illustrates how dysregulation of the neuronal networks involved can lead to overnutrition and obesity. The potential impact of recent research findings in the field on therapeutic treatment strategies for human obesity is also discussed.

459 citations


Cites background from "Influence of maternal obesity on th..."

  • ...Several observational clinical studies over past decades have revealed a clear association between maternal obesity and the development of metabolic disorders in the offspring (for reviews, see Steculorum et al., 2013; Godfrey et al., 2017)....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
26 Feb 2014-JAMA
TL;DR: Overall, there was no significant change from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012 in high weight for recumbent length among infants and toddlers, obesity in 2- to 19-year-olds, or obesity in adults.
Abstract: Importance More than one-third of adults and 17% of youth in the United States are obese, although the prevalence remained stable between 2003-2004 and 2009-2010. Objective To provide the most recent national estimates of childhood obesity, analyze trends in childhood obesity between 2003 and 2012, and provide detailed obesity trend analyses among adults. Design, Setting, and Participants Weight and height or recumbent length were measured in 9120 participants in the 2011-2012 nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Main Outcomes and Measures In infants and toddlers from birth to 2 years, high weight for recumbent length was defined as weight for length at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. In children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years, obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. In adults, obesity was defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 30. Analyses of trends in high weight for recumbent length or obesity prevalence were conducted overall and separately by age across 5 periods (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012). Results In 2011-2012, 8.1% (95% CI, 5.8%-11.1%) of infants and toddlers had high weight for recumbent length, and 16.9% (95% CI, 14.9%-19.2%) of 2- to 19-year-olds and 34.9% (95% CI, 32.0%-37.9%) of adults (age-adjusted) aged 20 years or older were obese. Overall, there was no significant change from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012 in high weight for recumbent length among infants and toddlers, obesity in 2- to 19-year-olds, or obesity in adults. Tests for an interaction between survey period and age found an interaction in children ( P = .03) and women ( P = .02). There was a significant decrease in obesity among 2- to 5-year-old children (from 13.9% to 8.4%; P = .03) and a significant increase in obesity among women aged 60 years and older (from 31.5% to 38.1%; P = .006). Conclusions and Relevance Overall, there have been no significant changes in obesity prevalence in youth or adults between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012. Obesity prevalence remains high and thus it is important to continue surveillance.

7,532 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2012-JAMA
TL;DR: In 2009-2010, the prevalence of obesity was 35.5% among adult men and 35.8% amongadult women, with no significant change compared with 2003-2008, and trends in BMI were similar to obesity trends.
Abstract: Results In 2009-2010 the age-adjusted mean BMI was 28.7 (95% CI, 28.3-29.1) for men and also 28.7 (95% CI, 28.4-29.0) for women. Median BMI was 27.8 (interquartile range [IQR], 24.7-31.7) for men and 27.3 (IQR, 23.3-32.7) for women. The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 35.5% (95% CI, 31.9%-39.2%) among adult men and 35.8% (95% CI, 34.0%-37.7%) among adult women. Over the 12-year period from 1999 through 2010, obesity showed no significant increase among women overall (age- and race-adjusted annual change in odds ratio [AOR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03; P=.07), but increases were statistically significant for non-Hispanic black women (P=.04) and Mexican American women (P=.046). For men, there was a significant linear trend (AOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; P.001) over the 12-year period. For both men and women, the most recent 2 years (2009-2010) did not differ significantly (P=.08 for men and P=.24 for women) from the previous 6 years (20032008). Trends in BMI were similar to obesity trends.

5,333 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent progress has been made in understanding the details of the signaling pathways that regulate NF-kappaB activity, particularly those responding to the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1.
Abstract: NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) is a collective name for inducible dimeric transcription factors composed of members of the Rel family of DNA-binding proteins that recognize a common sequence motif. NF-κ...

4,724 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence‐based interventions to address this problem.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHOD ...

4,519 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls, and by contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia forboth sexes, and southeast Asia for boys.

4,317 citations

Related Papers (5)
Marie Ng, Tom P Fleming, Margaret Robinson, Blake Thomson, Nicholas Graetz, Christopher Margono, Erin C Mullany, Stan Biryukov, Cristiana Abbafati, Semaw Ferede Abera, Jerry Abraham, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Tom Achoki, Fadia AlBuhairan, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Rafael Alfonso, Mohammed K. Ali, Raghib Ali, Nelson Alvis Guzmán, Walid Ammar, Palwasha Anwari, Amitava Banerjee, Simón Barquera, Sanjay Basu, Derrick A Bennett, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jed D. Blore, N Cabral, Ismael Ricardo Campos Nonato, Jung-Chen Chang, Rajiv Chowdhury, Karen J. Courville, Michael H. Criqui, David K. Cundiff, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Lalit Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Adrian Davis, Anand Dayama, Samath D Dharmaratne, Eric L. Ding, Adnan M. Durrani, Alireza Esteghamati, Farshad Farzadfar, Derek F J Fay, Valery L. Feigin, Abraham D. Flaxman, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Atsushi Goto, Mark A. Green, Rajeev Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Graeme J. Hankey, Heather Harewood, Rasmus Havmoeller, Simon I. Hay, Lucia Hernandez, Abdullatif Husseini, Bulat Idrisov, Nayu Ikeda, Farhad Islami, Eiman Jahangir, Simerjot K. Jassal, Sun Ha Jee, Mona Jeffreys, Jost B. Jonas, Edmond K. Kabagambe, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa, Andre Pascal Kengne, Yousef Khader, Young-Ho Khang, Daniel Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Jonas Minet Kinge, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Soewarta Kosen, Gene F. Kwan, Taavi Lai, Mall Leinsalu, Yichong Li, Xiaofeng Liang, Shiwei Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Paulo A. Lotufo, Yuan Qiang Lu, Jixiang Ma, Nana Kwaku Mainoo, George A. Mensah, Tony R. Merriman, Ali H. Mokdad, Joanna Moschandreas, Mohsen Naghavi, Aliya Naheed, Devina Nand, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Erica Leigh Nelson, Marian L. Neuhouser, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Samuel Oti, Andrea Pedroza, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Nobhojit Roy, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Hyeyoung Seo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Kenji Shibuya, Rahman Shiri, Ivy Shiue, Gitanjali M Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vegard Skirbekk, Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg, Lela Sturua, Bryan L. Sykes, Martin Tobias, Bach Xuan Tran, Leonardo Trasande, Hideaki Toyoshima, Steven van de Vijver, Tommi Vasankari, J. Lennert Veerman, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Stein Emil Vollset, Theo Vos, Claire L. Wang, Xiao Rong Wang, Elisabete Weiderpass, Andrea Werdecker, Jonathan L. Wright, Y Claire Yang, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Jihyun Yoon, Seok Jun Yoon, Yong Zhao, Maigeng Zhou, Shankuan Zhu, Alan D. Lopez, Christopher J L Murray, Emmanuela Gakidou