Influence of Partially Coherent Illumination and Spherical Aberration on Microscopic Resolution
About: This article is published in Journal of Modern Optics.The article was published on 1971-08-01. It has received 7 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Contrast transfer function & Coma (optics).
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23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the limit of resolution for two antiphase coherent point objects with reference to one-dimensional diffraction limited optical systems (slit apertures) was studied.
Abstract: The limit of resolution for two antiphase coherent point objects is studied with reference to one-dimensional diffraction limited optical systems (slit apertures). The ratios of measurable to real point separation and of measurable to real peak intensity are also investigated.
7 citations
TL;DR: The Rayleigh criterion has been investigated as a performance criterion for optical systems imaging in partially coherent light as discussed by the authors, and it has been shown to be insensitive to the amount of primary spherical aberration.
Abstract: The Rayleigh criterion has been investigated as a performance criterion for optical systems imaging in partially coherent light. In numerical tests with moderate amounts of primary spherical aberration—up to 18 u maximum wavefront deviation—the Rayleigh criterion proves to be insensitive to the amount of aberration. This insensitivity appears characteristic of two-point criteria generally.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of condenser transmission characteristics upon the performance of partially coherent systems have been investigated, and the effect of the condenser size and transmission upon the two-point resolution of the system has also been examined.
Abstract: The effects of condenser transmission characteristics upon the performance of partially coherent systems have been investigated. It has been shown that the transmittance of the condenser aperture affects the coherence conditions prevailing upon the object plane and modifies the image forming properties of the system. Two different types of irradiance distribution functions have been assumed, in the first type the irradiance is maximum at the centre and tapers off towards the edges of the aperture, the reverse being true for the second type. Their influence upon the spatial frequency response and the edge response of the system has been investigated. The effect of the condenser size and transmission upon the two-point resolution of the system has also been examined.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an optimal balance of spherical aberrations under partially coherent illumination is presented, where the visibility of a two-point image as a merit function is used to estimate the image aberration.
Abstract: An optimal balance of spherical aberrations under partially coherent illumination is presented. The visibility of a two-point image as a merit function is used to estimate the image aberrations. Although the optimal balance of aberrations has been evaluated by Marechal [ Rev. Opt.2, 257 ( 1947)] and Wang [ Proc. Phys. Soc. London53, 157 ( 1941)] for incoherent illumination, it has not been treated for partially coherent illumination. In this paper, a general relationship between the optimal balance of aberrations and the degree of mutual coherence under partially coherent illumination is discussed. The result obtained for incoherent illumination turns out to be a special case of that for partially coherent illumination. In other words, the result of optimal balance of aberrations under partially coherent illumination is a general case that includes coherent, incoherent, and partially coherent illumination.
3 citations
References
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Book•
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01 Jan 1959
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals, including interference, interferometers, and diffraction.
Abstract: The book is comprised of 15 chapters that discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals. The text covers the elements of the theories of interference, interferometers, and diffraction. The book tackles several behaviors of light, including its diffraction when exposed to ultrasonic waves.
19,815 citations
[...]
01 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals, including interference, interferometers, and diffraction.
Abstract: The book is comprised of 15 chapters that discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals. The text covers the elements of the theories of interference, interferometers, and diffraction. The book tackles several behaviors of light, including its diffraction when exposed to ultrasonic waves.
19,503 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, ausammenfassung auf Grundlage der A b b eschen Beugungstheorie der optischen Abbildung wird das Aussehen eines Hohlspiegels mit willkurlich verlaufenden kleinen Abweichungen beim Foucaul tschen Schneidenverfahren and beim neuen Phasenkontrastverfhren berechnet.
967 citations
01 Oct 1950
TL;DR: An expression for the distribution of light in the image of two small apertures which are illuminated by a condenser of numerical aperture equal to s times that of the imaging objective is given in this paper.
Abstract: An expression is found for the distribution of light in the image of two small apertures which are illuminated by a condenser of numerical aperture equal to s times that of the imaging objective The resolving power of the system is written ρ=Kλ/(NA), and K is found as a function of s It is shown that precisely the same result obtains for both critical and Kohler illumination
143 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the diffraction theory for arbitrary aberrations of a symmetrical optical system is developed for the case that the amount of aberration is small and the aberration function, which measures the deviation of the actual wavefront from a sphere, is expanded in a series of the so-called circle polynomials, which were introduced by Zernike in a problem closely related to the one treated here.
68 citations