Influence of the Smile Line on Smile Attractiveness in Short and Long Face Individuals
TL;DR: Smile line of both short and long face subjects was found to influence the smile attractiveness rating by the three rater groups.
Abstract: Objectives. The study assessed the impact of facial height on attractiveness of smile, in association with the maxillary gingival display. This research was performed by dental professionals and laypersons. Materials and Methods. Frontal extraoral photographs were captured for both short and long faces. The photographs were modified using software for image-processing and three rater groups (orthodontists, dentists, and laypersons) evaluated the smile attractiveness, with 30 subjects in each group. Differences in ratings of the different smiles among the different experimental groups were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed for pairwise comparisons between the experimental groups. Results. Dentists and laypeople were most likely to agree. For the short face, laypeople and dentists both rated the +2 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile whilst orthodontists ranked the 0 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile. For the long face, laypeople and dentists ranked the 0 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile, whilst orthodontists ranked the +2 mm gingival display as the most attractive. Conclusion. Smile line of both short and long face subjects was found to influence the smile attractiveness rating by the three rater groups.
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TL;DR: Mesofacial face is considered to be the most attractive face in comparison to dolichofacial and brachyfacial faces, and facial type should not be looked at separately from the smile as the smile might influence the esthetics perception of the facial type.
Abstract: Objective The objective of this study was to determine if the smile would influence the facial types esthetics perception for dentists, specialists, and laypeople The null hypotheses for this study were that the smile has no effect on the perceived facial esthetics of different facial types Materials and Method A photograph of an attractive female face with an attractive smile was captured and manipulated using computer software, which was used to produce changes in the smile and facial type of the female face Two sets of photographs were developed The first set is composed of three photos showing mesofacial, dolichofacial, and brachyfacial faces; on these photos the smiles were masked intentionally On the second set, the smile was revealed in the three face types (mesofacial, dolichofacial, and brachyfacial faces); this results in three smiling photos, where each showed a facial type with the same smile These photos (6 photos in total) were rated by the participants; two hundred participants were recruited, 50 general dentists, 50 specialist dentists, and 100 laypeople Results The three groups (dentists, specialists, and laypeople) rated the mesofacial face as the highest (p value 001) Conclusion Mesofacial face is considered to be the most attractive face in comparison to dolichofacial and brachyfacial faces Facial type should not be looked at separately from the smile as the smile might influence the esthetics perception of the facial type
9 citations
Cites background from "Influence of the Smile Line on Smil..."
...One aspect of this is the influence of face shape on the smile esthetics, specifically facial type! This relationship was investigated for some smile features such as smile line, yet no clear association was made between the smile feature and facial type [6]....
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...It had been suggested that dentists and laypeople (but not orthodontists) preferred 2 mm gingival display with short face, but for the long face the orthodontist preferred 0 mm gingival display, while the dentists and laypeople preferred 2 mm gingival display [6]....
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TL;DR: Vuong et al. as discussed by the authors evaluated the factors that affect the perception of an aesthetic smile and determine its morphological characteristics and measure the gingival aesthetic parameters, and found that the difference in the judgements of evaluators, males and females, and laypersons aged 18-25 and 26-35 years were nonsignificant.
5 citations
TL;DR: In a recent study, Nguyen et al. as mentioned in this paper evaluated the factors that affect the perception of an aesthetic smile and determine its morphological characteristics and measure the gingival aesthetic parameters and found that the difference in the judgements of evaluators, males and females, and laypersons aged 18-25 and 26-35 years were nonsignificant.
4 citations
TL;DR: To provide personalized treatment to the patient's needs and expectations, the use of DSD in case planning to a correct diagnosis, simulation and evaluation of aesthetic rehabilitation also favored communication between the patient and the multidisciplinary dental team, and this with the laboratory technician.
Abstract: Hypomineralized incisor molar syndrome (MIH) results from the action of various etiological factors during the enamel apposition and mineralization stages during dental development. Clinically, it results in changes in the shape, color and contour of the affected teeth, which compromises aesthetics and function. Through a clinical case, this study aimed to report the planning, with the aid of digital smile design (DSD), and the restorative treatment, with ceramic laminate ceramic veneers, of anterior teeth affected by MIH. To provide personalized treatment to the patient's needs and expectations, the use of DSD in case planning to a correct diagnosis, simulation and evaluation of aesthetic rehabilitation. It also favored communication between the patient and the multidisciplinary dental team, and this with the laboratory technician.
Keywords: Dental Enamel Hypoplasia. Dental Porcelain. Esthetics, Dental.
Resumo
A sindrome do molar incisivo hipomineralizado (MIH), e resultante da acao de varios fatores etiologicos durante os estagios de aposicao e mineralizacao do esmalte, durante o desenvolvimento dental. Clinicamente, resulta em alteracoes na forma, cor e contorno dos dentes afetados, o que compromete a estetica e funcao. Atraves de um caso clinico, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o planejamento, com auxilio do desenho digital do sorriso (DSD), e o tratamento restaurador, com facetas de cerâmicas de dentes anteriores afetados por MIH. Para proporcionar um tratamento personalizado as necessidades e expectativas da paciente, o DSD foi utilizado no planejamento do caso para o correto diagnostico, simulacao e avaliacao da reabilitacao estetica. Tambem favoreceu a comunicacao entre a paciente e a equipe odontologica multidisciplinar, e desta com o tecnico de laboratorio.
Palavras-chave: Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentario. Porcelana Dentaria. Estetica Dentaria
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TL;DR: The results of this study show that orthodontists, general dentists, and lay people detect specific dental esthetic discrepancies at varying levels of deviation, which may aid the dental professional in making specific treatment recommendations.
Abstract: Purpose: This study was designed to determine the perceptions of lay people and dental professionals with respect to minor variations in anterior tooth size and alignment and their relation to the surrounding soft tissues.
Materials and Methods: Smiling photographs were intentionally altered with one of eight common anterior esthetic discrepancies in varying degrees of deviation, including variations in crown length, crown width, incisor crown angulation, midline, open gingival embrasure, gingival margin, incisal plane, and gingiva-to-lip distance. Forty images were randomized in a questionnaire and rated according to attractiveness by three groups: orthodontists, general dentists, and lay people; 300 questionnaires were distributed.
Results: The response rate was 88.2% for orthodontists, 51.8% for general dentists, and 60.6% for lay people. The results demonstrated threshold levels of noticeable difference between the varying levels of discrepancy. A maxillary midline deviation of 4 mm was necessary before orthodontists rated it significantly less esthetic than the others. However, general dentists and lay people were unable to detect even a 4-mm midline deviation. All three groups were able to distinguish a 2-mm discrepancy in incisor crown angulation. An incisal plane cant of 1 mm as well as a 3-mm narrowing in maxillary lateral incisor crown width were required by orthodontists and general dentists to be rated significantly less esthetic. Lay people were unable to detect an incisal plane asymmetry until it was 3 mm, or a lateral incisor narrowing until it reached 4 mm. Threshold levels for open gingival embrasure and gingiva-to-lip distance were both at 2 mm for the orthodontic group. Open gingival embrasure became detectable by the general dentists and lay people at 3 mm, whereas gingiva-to-lip distance was classified by these groups as noticeably unattractive at 4 mm.
712 citations
TL;DR: A survey of the characteristics of an open smile of randomly selected dental and dental hygiene students found that an average smile exhibits approximately the full length of the maxillary anterior teeth, has the incisal curve of the teeth parallel to the inner curvature of the lower lip.
Abstract: A survey of the characteristics of an open smile was conducted with 454 full-face photographs of randomly selected dental and dental hygiene students. Findings show that an average smile exhibits approximately the full length of the maxillary anterior teeth, has the incisal curve of the teeth parallel to the inner curvature of the lower lip, has the incisal curve of the maxillary anterior teeth touching slightly or missing slightly the lower lip, and displays the six upper anterior teeth and premolars. Consideration of the characteristics may be useful in improving the esthetics of restorations.
666 citations
TL;DR: From the recognition of its importance, to its impact on orthodontic treatment planning, to how procedures and mechanics are adapted to optimize the appearance of the smile, three cases are used to illustrate how treatment is directed, emphasizing how facial and smile goal setting go hand in hand.
427 citations
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling based on 448 effect sizes derived from 162 research reports found a statistically significant tendency for women and adolescent girls to smile more than men and adolescent boys.
Abstract: The authors present a meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling based on 448 effect sizes derivedfrom 162 research reports. There was a statistically significant tendency for women and adolescent girls to smile more than men and adolescent boys (d = 0.41). The authors hypothesized that sex differences in smiling would be larger when concerns about gender-appropriate behavior were made more conspicuous, situational constraints were absent or ambiguous, or emotion (especially negative) was salient. It was also predicted that the size of the sex difference in smiling would vary by culture and age. Moderator analysis supported these predictions. Although men tend to smile less than women, the degree to which this is so is contingent on rules and roles.
420 citations
TL;DR: The smile symmetry ratio was revealed in this study to be important to a good smile, since no smiles that were asymmetrical had high smile scores.
336 citations