Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of volcanic eruptions on Northern Hemisphere summer temperature over the past 600 years
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TLDR
The most severe short-term Northern Hemisphere cooling event of the past 600 years occurred in 1601, suggesting that either the effect on climate of the eruption of Huaynaputina, Peru, in 1600 has previously been greatly underestimated, or another, as yet unidentified, eruption occurred at the same time as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
A network of temperature-sensitive tree-ring-density chronologies provides circum-hemisphere information on year-by-year changes in summer warmth in different regions of the northern boreal forest1. Combining these data into a single time-series provides a good summer-temperature proxy for northern high latitudes and the Northern Hemisphere as a whole2. Here we use this well dated, high-resolution composite time-series to suggest that large explosive volcanic eruptions produced different extents of Northern Hemisphere cooling during the past 600 years. The large effect of some recent eruptions is apparent, such as in 1816, 1884 and 1912, but the relative effects of other known, and perhaps some previously unknown, pre-nineteenth-century eruptions are also evaluated. The most severe short-term Northern Hemisphere cooling event of the past 600 years occurred in 1601, suggesting that either the effect on climate of the eruption of Huaynaputina, Peru, in 1600 has previously been greatly underestimated, or another, as yet unidentified, eruption occurred at the same time. Other strong cooling events occurred in 1453, seemingly confirming a 1452 date for the eruption of Kuwae, southwest Pacific, and in 1641/42, 1666, 1695 and 1698.read more
Citations
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Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years
TL;DR: A 21st-century global warming projection far exceeds the natural variability of the past 1000 years and is greater than the best estimate of global temperature change for the last interglacial.
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Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly
Michael E. Mann,Zhihua Zhang,Scott Rutherford,Raymond S. Bradley,Malcolm K. Hughes,Drew Shindell,Caspar M. Ammann,Greg Faluvegi,Fenbiao Ni +8 more
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Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview
Heinz Wanner,Jürg Beer,Jonathan Butikofer,Thomas J. Crowley,Ulrich Cubasch,Jacqueline Flückiger,Hugues Goosse,Martin Grosjean,Fortunat Joos,Jed O. Kaplan,Marcel Küttel,Simon A. Müller,I. Colin Prentice,Olga Solomina,Thomas F. Stocker,Pavel E. Tarasov,Mayke Wagner,Martin Widmann +17 more
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Supporting Online Material for Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism
TL;DR: A composite estimate of the magnitude of past explosive eruptions, referred to as the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), is proposed as a semiquantitative compromise between poor data and the need in various disciplines to evaluate the record of past volcanism as mentioned in this paper.
Book
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a Chronology of large-volume Holocene Eruptions Fatalities and Evacuations Preliminary List of Pleistocene Volcanoes Preliminary list of Large-Volume Pleistogenic Eruption Gazetteer References VOLCANO DATA Volcano Name Subregion Latitude and Longitude Elevation Population Rock Type Type (Morphology) Volcano Number Status ERUPTION DATA Area of Activity Dates: Start and Stop Uncertainties Dating Techniques Duration Eruptive Characteristics Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) Volume of Products (Vol
Journal ArticleDOI
Reconstruction of solar irradiance since 1610: Implications for climate change
TL;DR: In this article, the Schwabe (11-year) irradiance cycle and a longer term variability component are determined separately, based on contemporary solar and stellar monitoring, and the correlation of reconstructed solar irradiance and Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface temperature is 0.86 in the pre-industrial period from 1610 to 1800.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced sensitivity of recent tree-growth to temperature at high northern latitudes
Keith R. Briffa,F.H. Schweingruber,Philip Jones,Timothy J. Osborn,S. G. Shiyatov,Eugene A. Vaganov +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a large-regional-scale analysis of wood-density/air-temperature relationships using measurements from hundreds of sites at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volcanic dust in the atmosphere; with a chronology and assessment of its meteorological significance
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine aspects of importance, or possible importance, to meteorology, such as the dust veils created in the atmosphere, particle sizes and distribution, heights, fall speeds and atmospheric residence times.