Influencer Marketing: How Message Value and Credibility Affect Consumer Trust of Branded Content on Social Media
TL;DR: In this paper, preliminary research involves preliminary research to understand the mechanism by which influencer marketing affects the effectiveness of influencer campaigns, and the results show that the effect of influencers' marketing on the performance of online advertising has been studied.
Abstract: In the past few years, expenditure on influencer marketing has grown exponentially. The present study involves preliminary research to understand the mechanism by which influencer marketing affects...
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored the impacts of sudden destination popularity through social media and proposed a management framework for destinations in protected areas that suddenly became ‘hot’ on social media, and highlighted the importance of links between user-generated content and the promotion.
Abstract: Contemporary tourists increasingly rely on social media platforms to inform their consumption choices. Increasingly more travellers rely on social media to make their travel choices; however, scant research explored the impacts of sudden destination popularity through social media. The current study reveals how TikTok made two off-the-beaten-track destinations in Hainan (China) famous overnight. Using participant observation and interviews, this paper explores how a destination suddenly had to cope not only with overtourism but also with all the issues it generates. The findings revealed that the local community struggles to seize the opportunities offered by tourism while forced to manage the tourist's flow. We propose a management framework for destinations in protected areas that suddenly became ‘hot’ on social media and Web 2.0. Finally, we discuss the implications for tourism policies and management and highlight the importance of links between user-generated content and the promotion as crucial for future tourism planning in protected areas. The study results highlight how (off-the-beaten track) destination was impacted by unintentional promotion through TikTok. The findings revealed management gaps related to accessibility and amenities that resulted in negative environmental impacts when suddenly tourism numbers increased in a short time. These findings provide important implications for tourism policies, management, and marketing of destinations when their popularity depends on being ‘hot’ on social media and Web 2.0. The authors propose a Rapid Response Plan framework for handling future cases of sudden destination popularity.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce a framework that aims to explain the mechanisms through which fake news and pseudo-facts propagate within the health and beauty industry and provide a more advanced understanding of the underlying processes that contribute to the spread of health-related rumors and of the mechanisms that can mitigate the risks associated with the diffusion of fake news.
Abstract: Diffusion of fake news and pseudo-facts is becoming increasingly fast-paced and widespread, making it more difficult for the general public to separate reliable information from misleading content. The purpose of this article is to provide a more advanced understanding of the underlying processes that contribute to the spread of health- and beauty-related rumors and of the mechanisms that can mitigate the risks associated with the diffusion of fake news.,By adopting denialism as a conceptual lens, this article introduces a framework that aims to explain the mechanisms through which fake news and pseudo-facts propagate within the health and beauty industry. Three exemplary case studies situated within the context of the health and beauty industry reveal the persuasiveness of these principles and shed light on the diffusion of false and misleading information.,The following seven denialistic marketing tactics that contribute to diffusion of fake news can be identified: (1) promoting a socially accepted image; (2) associating brands with a healthy lifestyle; (3) use of experts; (4) working with celebrity influencers; (5) selectively using and omitting facts; (6) sponsoring research and pseudo-science; and (7)exploiting regulatory loopholes. Through a better understanding of how fake news spreads, brand managers can simultaneously improve the optics that surround their firms, promote sales organically and reinforce consumers’ trust toward the brand.,Within the wider context of the health and beauty industry, this article sets to explore the mechanisms through which fake news and pseudo-facts propagate and influence brands and consumers. The article offers several contributions not only to the emergent literature on fake news but also to the wider marketing and consumer behavior literature.
23 citations
Cites background from "Influencer Marketing: How Message V..."
...By using celebrity influencers to endorse products or services in a “warm,” emotionally charged manner, as opposed to “cold” descriptive text sources, brands aim to increase trust in the branded content amongst their prospective audiences (Lou and Yuan, 2019)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated how consumers' need for uniqueness (CNFU) has received much attention in identifying intention for luxury consumption and proposed three distinctive types of consumption behaviours relating to snob and bandwagon luxury items based on these interplays.
22 citations
TL;DR: It is found that active use of parental mediation increases intrapersonal empowerment resulting in parental mediation of social media Influencers but has no effect on their positive or negative views on social media influencers.
Abstract: Recent studies suggest that adolescents are spending significant amounts of time on social media. Brands are taking advantage of this fact and actively using social media to reach adolescent consumers, primarily via social media influencers. Adolescents consider the sponsored brand posts by social media influencers to be trustworthy and honest, thus reducing their critical evaluation of the ads. While several researchers have pointed to the critical role that parents play in their adolescents becoming digitally literate and empowered, there is little understanding of parental views and drivers of parental views on social media influencers and means by which they mediate their adolescents' exposure to social media influencers. Our specific research questions are the following: (a) How does parents' use of social media relate to their attitudes toward and mediation of social media influencers? (b) What is the role of psychological empowerment in enabling the relationship? Through a survey of approximately 200 mothers of adolescents (between the ages of 11 and 17 years), we examine how parents' social media usage (active or passive) is related to their views toward social media influencers and mediation of social media influencers. We find that active (vs. passive) use of social media by parents led them to significantly (vs. not significantly) mediate social media influencers' impact. Passive (vs. active) use of social media led to parents having a significant (vs. not significant) positive view of social media influencers. We explain this direct relationship by the level and kind of psychological empowerment (intrapersonal or interactional) that a parent experiences. Intrapersonal empowerment is related to self-efficacy, perceived competence, and desire for control, whereas interactional empowerment is related to an individual's engagement in collective action and interactions with others. We find that active use of parental mediation increases intrapersonal empowerment resulting in parental mediation of social media influencers but has no effect on their positive or negative views on social media influencers. Moreover, passive use of social media results in interactional empowerment but has no significant impact on parental mediation but is related to positive views of social media influencers. Implications for regulators, practitioners, and parents are then discussed.
22 citations
Cites background from "Influencer Marketing: How Message V..."
...…regular person or are famous in a field and who have accumulated a large number of followers on one or more of the online media platforms (e.g., Instagram, TikTok, YouTube) and often persuade followers through their authentic messages are considered as social media influencers (Lou and Yuan, 2019)....
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...Social media influencers often have gained popularity on these media for their expertise or interest in some areas, such as food, fashion, or lifestyle (Lou and Yuan, 2019)....
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...…occurs when brands use social media influencers to drive their brand awareness, conduct product placements, and endorse products on their personal social media pages to increase purchase intentions of that brand among their consumers or social media influencers’ followers (Lou and Yuan, 2019)....
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...Social media use has become especially habitual among adolescents, which also means that they are exposed to many native advertisements on a daily basis (Lou and Yuan, 2019)....
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...The number and impact of social media influencers are growing by the day, and as researchers, we are only at the tip of the iceberg in understanding how the use of influencers in brand promotions is changing the marketing and consumption worlds (Lou and Yuan, 2019)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline forces that have led to changes in the advertising industry in recent years, including cluttered environments, digital advertising and technological advancements, growing concer...
Abstract: The authors outline forces that have led to changes in the advertising industry in recent years, including cluttered environments, digital advertising and technological advancements, growing concer...
22 citations
References
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01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, a six-step framework for organizing and discussing multivariate data analysis techniques with flowcharts for each is presented, focusing on the use of each technique, rather than its mathematical derivation.
Abstract: Offers an applications-oriented approach to multivariate data analysis, focusing on the use of each technique, rather than its mathematical derivation. The text introduces a six-step framework for organizing and discussing techniques with flowcharts for each.
Well-suited for the non-statistician, this applications-oriented introduction to multivariate analysis focuses on the fundamental concepts that affect the use of specific techniques rather than the mathematical derivation of the technique. Provides an overview of several techniques and approaches that are available to analysts today - e.g., data warehousing and data mining, neural networks and resampling/bootstrapping. Chapters are organized to provide a practical, logical progression of the phases of analysis and to group similar types of techniques applicable to most situations.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction.
I. PREPARING FOR A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS.
2. Examining Your Data.
3. Factor Analysis.
II. DEPENDENCE TECHNIQUES.
4. Multiple Regression.
5. Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression.
6. Multivariate Analysis of Variance.
7. Conjoint Analysis.
8. Canonical Correlation Analysis.
III. INTERDEPENDENCE TECHNIQUES.
9. Cluster Analysis.
10. Multidimensional Scaling.
IV. ADVANCED AND EMERGING TECHNIQUES.
11. Structural Equation Modeling.
12. Emerging Techniques in Multivariate Analysis.
Appendix A: Applications of Multivariate Data Analysis.
Index.
37,124 citations
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Structural Equation Modeling: An Introduction, and SEM: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Testing A Structural Model, which shows how the model can be modified for different data types.
Abstract: I Introduction 1 Introduction II Preparing For a MV Analysis 2 Examining Your Data 3 Factor Analysis III Dependence Techniques 4 Multiple Regression Analysis 5 Multiple Discriminate Analysis and Logistic Regression 6 Multivariate Analysis of Variance 7 Conjoint Analysis IV Interdependence Techniques 8 Cluster Analysis 9 Multidimensional Scaling and Correspondence Analysis V Moving Beyond the Basic Techniques 10 Structural Equation Modeling: Overview 10a Appendix -- SEM 11 CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis 11a Appendix -- CFA 12 SEM: Testing A Structural Model 12a Appendix -- SEM APPENDIX A Basic Stats
23,353 citations
TL;DR: Relationship marketing, established, developing, and maintaining successful relational exchanges, constitutes a major shift in marketing theory and practice as mentioned in this paper, after conceptualizing relationship relationships as a set of relationships.
Abstract: Relationship marketing—establishing, developing, and maintaining successful relational exchanges—constitutes a major shift in marketing theory and practice. After conceptualizing relationship marke...
19,920 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: The Second Edition of this practical guide to partial least squares structural equation modeling is designed to be easily understood by those with limited statistical and mathematical training who want to pursue research opportunities in new ways.
Abstract: With applications using SmartPLS (www.smartpls.com)—the primary software used in partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)—this practical guide provides concise instructions on how to use this evolving statistical technique to conduct research and obtain solutions. Featuring the latest research, new examples, and expanded discussions throughout, the Second Edition is designed to be easily understood by those with limited statistical and mathematical training who want to pursue research opportunities in new ways.
13,621 citations
"Influencer Marketing: How Message V..." refers background or methods in this paper
...A collinearity assessment showed no significant levels of collinearity between any sets of predicting variables (with variance inflation factor [VIF] falling between tolerance range .20 and 5.0) (Hair et al. 2014)....
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...Conversely, PLS-SEM estimates model parameters in a way that maximizes the variance explained in endogenous variables and is preferred for research aimed at theory development and prediction (Hair et al. 2014, p. 14)....
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...CB-SEM uses a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure to estimate model coefficients “so that the discrepancy between the estimated and sample covariance matrices is minimized” (Hair et al. 2014, p. 27)....
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...The latent variables in the current model all have reflective measurements: indicators which predict one particular construct and which are highly correlated to one another and represent the effects of the latent construct (Hair et al. 2014, p. 43)....
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Posted Content•
TL;DR: An evaluation of double-blind reviewed journals through important academic publishing databases revealed that more than 30 academic articles in the domain of international marketing (in a broad sense) used PLS path modeling as means of statistical analysis.
Abstract: Purpose: This paper discusses partial least squares path modeling (PLS), a powerful structural equation modeling technique for research on international marketing. While a significant body of research provides guidance for the use of covariance-based structural equation modeling (CBSEM) in international marketing, there are no subject-specific guidelines for the use of PLS so far.Methodology/approach: A literature review of the use of PLS in international marketing reveals the increasing application of this methodology.Findings: This paper reveals the strengths and weaknesses of PLS in the context of research on international marketing, and provides guidance for multi-group analysis.Originality/value of paper: The paper assists researchers in making well-grounded decisions regarding the application of PLS in certain research situations and provides specific implications for an appropriate application of the methodology.
7,536 citations
"Influencer Marketing: How Message V..." refers methods in this paper
...PLS path modeling is also recommended over CBSEM for testing complex models with many latent variables (Henseler, Ringle, and Sinkovics 2009)....
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...Then we performed a second bootstrapping analysis, specifying 5,000 subsamples and a 95% significance level, to obtain each path coefficient’s standard error and p value (Henseler, Ringle, and Sinkovics 2009) (Table 3)....
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