Infrared spectra of inorganic ions in the cesium bromide region (700–300 cm−1)
01 Jan 1960-Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (Elsevier)-Vol. 16, Iss: 1, pp 135-235
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared spectra from 300-880 cm−1 of 208 inorganic substances are reported, nearly all of which are salts containing polyatomic ions, and a list of characteristic frequencies is given for twenty ions.
About: This article is published in Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy.The article was published on 1960-01-01. It has received 189 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polyatomic ion & Inorganic ions.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the characteristic frequencies of 52 metals have been studied in the region 700-240 cm−1 and a particle size of 10 μ or smaller was found to give the best representative spectrum.
501 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the long wavelength optical phonons of ionic crystals give rise to dipole-dipole forces, whose long range nature causes the vibrations to depend on the size and shape of the crystal sample.
Abstract: The long wavelength optical phonons of ionic crystals give rise to dipole-dipole forces, whose long range nature causes the vibrations to depend on the size and shape of the crystal sample. This dependence affects significantly most spectral properties of all crystals whose dimensions are of the order of or shorter than the wavelength of reststrahlen (characteristically several tens of micrometres). In experimental work in which the infrared properties of ionic crystals were examined on small samples, in powder form or in colloidal suspension or in the shape of thin layers, the peculiarities due to size and shape were not always properly recognized. The infrared frequencies of the material which are derived with disregard to these peculiarities may be in error by some tens of wavenumbers. In the experimental section of the review we interpret the general characteristics of the experimental spectra and analyse in detail some representative infrared measurements in the light of the theory. The theory of optical vibrations which takes account of the finiteness of the specimen is formulated firstly in general terms and then by special reference to samples which have one, two or three dimensions short (slab, cylinder and sphere-like geometries). Synthetic spectra are drawn whose characteristic features are interpreted in terms of bulk and surface modes. In the theory retardation effects, i.e. the coupling between lattice and electromagnetic waves, are also included, and the quantized modes are combinations of these, i.e. polaritons. For tiny crystallites of such size that the characteristic infrared radiation wavelength is much larger than the sample size, retardation effects can be neglected. The theory becomes much simpler and the spectrum sharper. Some of the absorption peaks are due to optical surface modes, and their positions are simply related to the characteristic shapes of the crystallites. The theory is so presented as to provide a practical aid in the correlation of spectra with sample shape. The consequences on the spectra of other, less common variables of experiments, for example, the refractive index of the environments, are also calculated. The role of optical surface modes in Raman - and electron - scattering is then discussed. Simple geometrical arrangements of small sized crystals enable the spectra of surface modes to be scanned.
456 citations
TL;DR: The pyrolysis reactions of octacalcium phosphate were studied by infra-red absorption, weight loss, and pyrophosphate analysis, and the maximum amount of pyroph phosphate formed was intermediate between the amounts predicted by reactions postulated in other studies.
351 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the aragonite and calcite were precipitated from bicarbonate solutions by slow removal of carbon dioxide at 25°C, and theoretical calculation of the calcite-aragonite fractionation gives 0.9.
273 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: The No. 10123 1quart "Success" can as discussed by the authors dispenses solvent by finger pressure on the valve, which then closes upon release of the pressure, as indicated in the accompanying figure.
Abstract: use and allows it to dispense no more solvent than is needed when the swab-stick is dipped into it like a pen into an inkwell. Available in 4 oz., 6 oz., and 8 oz. sizes, the price ranges from $3. 50 to $3. 75. This same company also advertises a model No. 10123 1quart "Success" can which dispenses solvent by finger pressure on the valve, which then closes upon release of the pressure, as indicated in the accompanying figure. There is also a plunger can of I-pint size that dispenses solvent by pressure on the plunger. Price for the first type of can is about $8, for the second, about $7.
1,518 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the rotation-vibration Hamiltonian has been expanded in order of order of magnitude and then subjected to two contact transformations, and these contact transformations were extended through the fourth order of approximation.
Abstract: In three previous papers of this series, the rotation‐vibration Hamiltonian has been expanded in orders of magnitude and then subjected to two contact transformations. These contact transformations, carried out thus far through the third order of approximation, are now extended through the fourth order of approximation.
142 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared absorption spectra of aqueous and solid KNCS have been studied (the latter in detail) from 280-10 000 cm-1, respectively, from which the anharmonicity constants and the frequencies for infinitesimal amplitudes of vibration were calculated.
Abstract: The infrared absorption spectra of aqueous and solid KNCS have been studied (the latter in detail) from 280–10 000 cm—1. The fundamental frequencies of NCS— in aqueous solution are v1 = 2066, v2 = 470, and v3 = 743 cm—1. In the solid, the degeneracy of the bending vibration is removed and four fundamentals are observed at 2053, 484, 470, and 749 cm—1, respectively. Many combination bands were observed for solid KNCS from which the anharmonicity constants and the frequencies for infinitesimal amplitudes of vibration were calculated. The fundamental frequencies of the C13 and S34 isotopic species were observed also. From the zero‐order frequencies, force constants were calculated for NCS— in KNCS as kN–C = 15.95 md/A, kC–S = 5.18 md/A, k12 = +0.9 md/A, and kα/RC–NRC–S = 0.311 and 0.300 md/A. With the use of Badger's rule the bond distances are calculated to be RN–C = 1.17 A, RC–S = 1.61 A. These distances indicate a considerable amount of double bond character in the C–S bond.
121 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the infra-red and Raman spectra of the dichromate ion were described and the observed spectra were consistent with a C2v-structure of the ion containing one bridging oxygen atom bound to the two chromium atoms.
104 citations
TL;DR: The infrared absorption spectra of dilute solid solutions of cyanate ion in KI, KBr, KCl, and NaCl single crystals have been examined between 600 and 5000 cm-1 at temperatures ranging from 150 to 480°K.
Abstract: The infrared absorption spectra of dilute solid solutions of cyanate ion in KI, KBr, KCl, and NaCl single crystals have been examined between 600 and 5000 cm—1 at temperatures ranging from 150 to 480°K. Over fifty distinct maxima have been observed and assigned (including numerous isotopic, combination, and hot bands) in the most concentrated sample, for which KBr was the solvent. A strong Fermi resonance between 2ω2 and ω1 occurs. The vibrational energy has been expressed in terms of the eleven fundamental frequency and anharmonicity constants appropriate to a linear, unsymmetric triatomic molecule. Force constants in the KI solvent lattice are fNC=15.51, fCO=11.03, f′=1.35, and (fα/l1l2)=0.506 mdyne/A, a result which shows very clearly that the NC bond is of higher order than the CO bond in the cyanate ion, and that the latter bond is notably weaker in cyanate ion than in CO2, where its force constant is 16.0.In general, the fundamental frequencies increase as the lattice constant decreases. Fairly detailed calculations show that although the induction energy term arising from the dipoles induced in the solvent by the vibrating cyanate ion is not negligible, the observed variation of frequency cannot be explained by the induction term alone and must involve the short‐range, repulsive forces.
84 citations