Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: one decade on.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the rIFC (along with one or more fronto-basal-ganglia networks) is best characterized as a brake, and this brake can be turned on in different modes and in different contexts.
About: This article is published in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.The article was published on 2014-04-01. It has received 1568 citations till now.
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TL;DR: It is highlighted how considering individual differences at the behavioral and neural levels can add considerable insight to the investigation of the functional organization of the brain, and some key points about individual differences to consider when interpreting neuropsychological patterns of dissociation are highlighted.
912Â citations
Cites background from "Inhibition and the right inferior f..."
...Some researchers have focused on ascribing a particular process to an area or areas or interest (e.g., Aron et al., 2014; Banich, 2009; Botvinick, Cohen, & Carter, 2004; Muhle-Karbe et al., 2015; Stuss & Alexander, 2007)....
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TL;DR: It is hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by a Transition from prefrontal cortical to striatal control over drug seeking and taking as well as a progression from the ventral to the dorsal striatum.
Abstract: A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by a transition from prefrontal cortical to striatal control over drug seeking and taking as well as a progression from the ventral to the dorsal striatum. Here, in the light of burgeoning, supportive evidence, we reconsider and elaborate this hypothesis, in particular the refinements in our understanding of ventral and dorsal striatal mechanisms underlying goal-directed and habitual drug seeking, the influence of drug-associated Pavlovian-conditioned stimuli on drug seeking and relapse, and evidence for impairments in top-down prefrontal cortical inhibitory control over this behavior. We further review animal and human studies that have begun to define etiological factors and individual differences in the propensity to become addicted to drugs, leading to the description of addiction endophenotypes, especially for cocaine addiction. We consider the prospect of novel treatments for addiction that promote abstinence from and relapse to drug use.
810Â citations
TL;DR: The proposed roles for OFC are considered, critically examining the level of support for these claims and highlighting the data that call them into question.
Abstract: In the last 25 years, explosive interest has implicated the orbitofrontal cortex in nearly every function known to cognitive neuroscience. Yet scientific progress comes as much from questioning existing ideas as proposing new ones. This review discusses major theories of orbitofrontal function and the data that invalidate these ideas.
422Â citations
TL;DR: Inhibitory deficits were apparent for heavy use/dependence on cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, tobacco, and alcohol (and, to a lesser extent, non-dependent heavy drinkers), and in pathological gamblers, and no evidence for an inhibitory deficit was observed for opioids or cannabis, and contradictory evidence for internet addiction.
415Â citations
Cites background from "Inhibition and the right inferior f..."
...On a related note, some researchers hold that whether a o/NoGo task requires inhibition depends on NoGo stimulus probbility (e.g., Aron et al., 2014): only when Go trials are frequent nd NoGo trials rare is a prepotent tendency to respond built up, equiring inhibition when a NoGo stimulus is…...
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TL;DR: What is currently known about the neural and psychological mechanisms of impulsivity are reviewed, and the relevance and application of these new insights to various neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed.
Abstract: The ability to make decisions and act quickly without hesitation can be advantageous in many settings. However, when persistently expressed, impulsive decisions and actions are considered risky, maladaptive and symptomatic of such diverse brain disorders as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug addiction and affective disorders. Over the past decade, rapid progress has been made in the identification of discrete neural networks that underlie different forms of impulsivity - from impaired response inhibition and risky decision making to a profound intolerance of delayed rewards. Herein, we review what is currently known about the neural and psychological mechanisms of impulsivity, and discuss the relevance and application of these new insights to various neuropsychiatric disorders.
401Â citations
References
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TL;DR: A theoretical model that links inhibition to 4 executive neuropsychological functions that appear to depend on it for their effective execution is constructed and finds it to be strongest for deficits in behavioral inhibition, working memory, regulation of motivation, and motor control in those with ADHD.
Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comprises a deficit in behavioral inhibition. A theoretical model is constructed that links inhibition to 4 executive neuropsychological functions that appear to depend on it for their effective execution: (a) working memory, (b) self-regulation of affect-motivation-arousal, (c) internalization of speech, and (d) reconstitution (behavioral analysis and synthesis). Extended to ADHD, the model predicts that ADHD should be associated with secondary impairments in these 4 executive abilities and the motor control they afford. The author reviews evidence for each of these domains of functioning and finds it to be strongest for deficits in behavioral inhibition, working memory, regulation of motivation, and motor control in those with ADHD. Although the model is promising as a potential theory of self-control and ADHD, far more research is required to evaluate its merits and the many predictions it makes about ADHD.
6,958Â citations
TL;DR: Advances in human lesion-mapping support the functional localization of such inhibition to right IFC alone, and future research should investigate the generality of this proposed inhibitory function to other task domains, and its interaction within a wider network.
2,920Â citations
Book•
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The Prefrontal Cortex, Fifth Edition, provides users with a thoroughly updated version of this comprehensive work that has historically served as the classic reference on this part of the brain.
Abstract: The Prefrontal Cortex, Fifth Edition, provides users with a thoroughly updated version of this comprehensive work that has historically served as the classic reference on this part of the brain. The book offers a unifying, interdisciplinary perspective that is lacking in other volumes written about the frontal lobes, and is, once again, written by the award-winning author who discovered "memory cells," the physiological substrate of working memory. The fifth edition constitutes a comprehensive update, including all the major advances made on the physiology and cognitive neuroscience of the region since publication in 2008. All chapters have been fully revised, and the overview of prefrontal functions now interprets experimental data within the theoretical framework of the new paradigm of cortical structure and dynamics (the Cognit Paradigm), addressing the accompanying social, economic, and cultural implications. * Provides a distinctly interdisciplinary view of the prefrontal cortex, covering all major methodologies, from comparative anatomy to modern imaging* Unique analysis and synthesis of a large body of basic and clinical data on the subject (more than 2000 references)* Written by an award-winning author who discovered "memory cells," the physiological substrate of working memory* Synthesizes evidence that the prefrontal cortex constitutes a complex pre-adaptive system* Incorporates emerging study of the role of the frontal lobes in social, economic, and cultural adaptation
2,589Â citations
TL;DR: It is argued that cognitive neuroscientists should be circumspect in the use of reverse inference, particularly when selectivity of the region in question cannot be established or is known to be weak.
1,802Â citations
TL;DR: There are several methods that can give high sensitivity to network connection detection on good quality FMRI data, in particular, partial correlation, regularised inverse covariance estimation and several Bayes net methods; however, accurate estimation of connection directionality is more difficult to achieve.
1,770Â citations