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Journal ArticleDOI

Inhibition of tumor propellant glutathione peroxidase 4 induces ferroptosis in cancer cells and enhances anticancer effect of cisplatin

01 Apr 2020-Journal of Cellular Physiology (J Cell Physiol)-Vol. 235, Iss: 4, pp 3425-3437
TL;DR: GPX4 acts as an oncogene and inhibits ferroptosis in cancer cells, the anticancer effect of cisplatin can be enhanced by GPX4 inhibition, and the inhibition of GPx4 via RSL3 could enhance the anticancers effect of CISplatin in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract: Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has been confirmed to inhibit ferroptosis in cancer cells, however, whether GPX4 serves as an oncogene is not clear. In this study, the expression of GPX4 and its influence to survival of patients with cancer were analyzed via public databases. Furthermore, the epigenetic regulation of GPX4 and the relation between GPX4 and chemoresistance of different anticancer drugs was also detected. Most importantly, cytological assays were performed to investigate the function of GPX4 in cancer cells. The results showed that GPX4 was higher expressed in cancer tissues than normal and was negatively associated with prognosis of patients. Furthermore, at upstream of GPX4 there was low DNA methylation sites and enhanced level of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, indicating that high level of GPX4 in cancer may resulted from epigenetic regulation. Moreover, GPX4 was positively related to chemoresistance of anticancer drugs L-685458, lapatinib, palbociclib, and topotecan. In addition, GPX4 may potentially be involved in translation of protein, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly, electron transport oxidative phosphorylation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic pathways. Finally, we detected that GPX4 inhibited ferroptosis in cancer cells, the inhibition of GPX4 via RSL3 could enhance the anticancer effect of cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, GPX4 acts as an oncogene and inhibits ferroptosis in cancer cells, the anticancer effect of cisplatin can be enhanced by GPX4 inhibition.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the key molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, including crosstalk with tumour-associated signalling pathways, and discuss potential therapeutic applications of the process are presented.
Abstract: The discovery of regulated cell death processes has enabled advances in cancer treatment. In the past decade, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumours. Experimental reagents (such as erastin and RSL3), approved drugs (for example, sorafenib, sulfasalazine, statins and artemisinin), ionizing radiation and cytokines (such as IFNγ and TGFβ1) can induce ferroptosis and suppress tumour growth. However, ferroptotic damage can trigger inflammation-associated immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment, thus favouring tumour growth. The extent to which ferroptosis affects tumour biology is unclear, although several studies have found important correlations between mutations in cancer-relevant genes (for example, RAS and TP53), in genes encoding proteins involved in stress response pathways (such as NFE2L2 signalling, autophagy and hypoxia) and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and responses to treatments that activate ferroptosis. Herein, we present the key molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, describe the crosstalk between ferroptosis and tumour-associated signalling pathways, and discuss the potential applications of ferroptosis in the context of systemic therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation. Pharmacological agents, ionizing radiation and cytokines can induce ferroptosis and thus suppress tumour growth, but ferroptosis can also trigger inflammation-associated immunosuppression. The authors describe the key molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, including crosstalk with tumour-associated signalling pathways, and discuss potential therapeutic applications of ferroptosis.

793 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current literature on ferroptosis, including organelle dysfunction, signaling transduction pathways, metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic regulators in cancer progression, is summarized.
Abstract: Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, is different from other types of cell death in morphology, genetics and biochemistry. Increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis has significant implications on cell death linked to cardiomyopathy, tumorigenesis, and cerebral hemorrhage to name a few. Here we summarize current literature on ferroptosis, including organelle dysfunction, signaling transduction pathways, metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic regulators in cancer progression. With regard to organelles, mitochondria-induced cysteine starvation, endoplasmic reticulum-related oxidative stress, lysosome dysfunction and golgi stress-related lipid peroxidation all contribute to induction of ferroptosis. Understanding the underlying mechanism in ferroptosis could provide insight into the treatment of various intractable diseases including cancers.

166 citations


Cites background from "Inhibition of tumor propellant glut..."

  • ...In addition, GPX4 may potentially be involved in translation of protein, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly, electron transport oxidative phosphorylation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic pathways [102]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized known as well as putative mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between radiotherapy and ferroptosis, discuss the interactions between ferro-ptosis and other forms of regulated cell death induced by radiotherapy, and explore combination therapeutic strategies targeting ferroidosis.
Abstract: Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by peroxidative damages of polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-containing phospholipids in cellular membranes, has recently been revealed to play an important role in radiotherapy-induced cell death and tumor suppression, and to mediate the synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize known as well as putative mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between radiotherapy and ferroptosis, discuss the interactions between ferroptosis and other forms of regulated cell death induced by radiotherapy, and explore combination therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis in radiotherapy and immunotherapy. This review will provide important frameworks for future investigations of ferroptosis in cancer therapy.

97 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ferroptosis activation may be a potential strategy to overcome the drug resistance mechanism of traditional cancer treatments and suggest the vital role of ferroPTosis in immunotherapy based on the interaction of feroptosis with tumor immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Abstract: The hallmark of tumorigenesis is the successful circumvention of cell death regulation for achieving unlimited replication and immortality. Ferroptosis is a newly identified type of cell death dependent on lipid peroxidation which differs from classical programmed cell death in terms of morphology, physiology and biochemistry. The broad spectrum of injury and tumor tolerance are the main reasons for radiotherapy and chemotherapy failure. The effective rate of tumor immunotherapy as a new treatment method is less than 30%. Ferroptosis can be seen in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tumor immunotherapy; therefore, ferroptosis activation may be a potential strategy to overcome the drug resistance mechanism of traditional cancer treatments. In this review, the characteristics and causes of cell death by lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis are briefly described. In addition, the three metabolic regulations of ferroptosis and its crosstalk with classical signaling pathways are summarized. Collectively, these findings suggest the vital role of ferroptosis in immunotherapy based on the interaction of ferroptosis with tumor immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thus, indicating the remarkable potential of ferroptosis in cancer treatment.

89 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
09 Jun 2020
TL;DR: LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 acted as a tumor suppressor and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in GC cells by activating NLRP3 mediated pyroptotic cell death through sponging miR-223-3p.
Abstract: The role of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 in the regulation of chemoresistance of gastric cancer (GC) is largely unknown. Here we found that LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 was low-expressed in GC tissues and cells compared to their normal counterparts. In addition, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibited miR-223-3p expressions in GC cells by acting as competing endogenous RNA, and the levels of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 and miR-223-3p showed negative correlations in GC tissues. Of note, overexpression of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibited GC cell viability and motility by sponging miR-223-3p. In addition, the levels of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 were lower, and miR-223-3p was higher in cisplatin-resistant GC (CR-GC) cells than their parental cisplatin-sensitive GC (CS-GC) cells. LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 overexpression enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on CR-GC cells, which were reversed by overexpressing miR-223-3p. Furthermore, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 increased NLRP3 expressions by targeting miR-223-3p, and upregulation of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 triggered pyroptotic cell death in cisplatin treated CR-GC cells by activating NLRP3 inflammasome through downregulating miR-223-3p. Finally, the promoting effects of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 overexpression on CR-GC cell death were abrogated by pyroptosis inhibitor Necrosulfonamide (NSA). Collectively, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 acted as a tumor suppressor and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in GC cells by activating NLRP3 mediated pyroptotic cell death through sponging miR-223-3p.

88 citations


Cites background from "Inhibition of tumor propellant glut..."

  • ...Cisplatin inhibited cancer progression by triggering autophagic cell death [42], apoptosis [43], pyroptosis [17], ferroptosis [44] and necroptosis [45]....

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  • ...studies reported that cisplatin inhibited cancer progression by triggering autophagic cell death [42], apoptosis [43], pyroptosis [17], ferroptosis [44] and...

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
25 May 2012-Cell
TL;DR: This paper identified the small molecule ferrostatin-1 as a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis in cancer cells and glutamate-induced cell death in organotypic rat brain slices, suggesting similarities between these two processes.

7,192 citations


"Inhibition of tumor propellant glut..." refers background in this paper

  • ...NCI‐H460, cell proliferation was decreased with GPX4 knockdown and this inhibition could be reversed by ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1), the specific inhibitor of ferroptosis (Dixon et al., 2012; Hassannia et al., 2018; Figure 6a)....

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  • ...Further studies identified some of these deaths such as pyroptosis (Zhou et al., 2018), procedural necrosis (Kulaylat et al., 2017), and ferroptosis (Dixon et al., 2012)....

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  • ...Ferroptosis is a type of cell death which is characterized by the elevation of iron and ROS inside cells (Dixon et al., 2012)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The identification of FDA-approved drugs as ferroptosis inducers creates high expectations for the potential of ferroPTosis to be a new promising way to kill therapy-resistant cancers.

1,106 citations


"Inhibition of tumor propellant glut..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In our study, we found that knockdown of GPX4 induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells, this is not new because GPX4 has been confirmed to be the inhibitor of ferroptosis (Chu et al., 2019; Hassannia et al., 2019)....

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  • ...In our study, we found that knockdown of GPX4 induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells, this is not new because GPX4 has been confirmed to be the inhibitor of ferroptosis (Chu et al., 2019; Hassannia et al., 2019)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
05 Jul 2017-Nature
TL;DR: Vulnerability to ferroptic cell death induced by inhibition of a lipid peroxidase pathway as a feature of therapy-resistant cancer cells across diverse mesenchymal cell-state contexts is identified.
Abstract: Cancer cells can assume different biological states, which can affect their resistance to therapies. A mesenchymal phenotype has been associated with drug resistance but the mechanism behind this state is not well understood. Stuart Schreiber and colleagues now show that tumour cells with a mesenchymal phenotype are selectively sensitive to inhibition of GPX4, an enzyme that alters lipid metabolism. GPX4 dissipates lipid peroxides and therefore prevents the iron-mediated reactions which induce ferroptotic cell death. These findings offer new perspectives on targeting cancers that have undergone a transition to a mesenchymal state to evade other therapeutic agents.

1,008 citations


"Inhibition of tumor propellant glut..." refers background in this paper

  • ...8 kb and consists of seven exons (Kriska, Korytowski, & Girotti, 2002), and its main function is to eliminate the excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) which causes the injury of DNA (Binder, Papac‐Milicevic, & Witztum, 2016; Meng et al., 2018; Viswanathan et al., 2017)....

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  • ...As epigenetic regulation has been identified as a common type of control in gene expression (Jones, Ohtani, Chakravarthy, & De Carvalho, 2019), we explored whether GPX4 could be epigenetically regulated on the level of DNA methylation and histone modification using the data from the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 platform and ENCODE....

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  • ...Total RNA Kit I (OMEGA, CA: R6834‐01) was used to extract total RNA according to manufacturer’s protocol, the complementary DNA was synthesized using a PrimeScript RT reagent Kit (Takara Bio, Otsu, Japan), messenger RNA expression was examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master Mix (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) with primers and an ABI StepOne Plus Real‐time PCR Detection System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA)....

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  • ...The structure of GPX4 spans only 2.8 kb and consists of seven exons (Kriska, Korytowski, & Girotti, 2002), and its main function is to eliminate the excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) which causes the injury of DNA (Binder, Papac‐Milicevic, & Witztum, 2016; Meng et al., 2018; Viswanathan et al., 2017)....

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  • ...Furthermore, we investigated the probable epigenetic regulation of GPX4 and we found that higher level of GPX4 was epigenetically regulated via low DNA methylation and enhanced level of histone methylation and acetylation....

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Journal ArticleDOI
09 Nov 2017-Nature
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a similar therapy-resistant cell state underlies the behaviour of persister cells derived from a wide range of cancers and drug treatments, and it is suggested that targeting of GPX4 may represent a therapeutic strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance.
Abstract: Acquired drug resistance prevents cancer therapies from achieving stable and complete responses. Emerging evidence implicates a key role for non-mutational drug resistance mechanisms underlying the survival of residual cancer 'persister' cells. The persister cell pool constitutes a reservoir from which drug-resistant tumours may emerge. Targeting persister cells therefore presents a therapeutic opportunity to impede tumour relapse. We previously found that cancer cells in a high mesenchymal therapy-resistant cell state are dependent on the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 for survival. Here we show that a similar therapy-resistant cell state underlies the behaviour of persister cells derived from a wide range of cancers and drug treatments. Consequently, we demonstrate that persister cells acquire a dependency on GPX4. Loss of GPX4 function results in selective persister cell ferroptotic death in vitro and prevents tumour relapse in mice. These findings suggest that targeting of GPX4 may represent a therapeutic strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance.

862 citations


"Inhibition of tumor propellant glut..." refers background in this paper

  • ..., 2018), however, the inhibition of GPX4 induces suppression of tumors although the level of ROS elevated, especially in drug‐resistant tumors (Gaschler et al., 2018; Hangauer et al., 2017)....

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  • ...This may explain why higher expression of GPX4 indicates bad prognosis in patients who had received anticancer therapies (Hangauer et al., 2017)....

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  • ...…GPX4 is the “cleaner” of ROS, it seems that inhibition of GPX4 leads to the growth of tumors (Teng et al., 2018), however, the inhibition of GPX4 induces suppression of tumors although the level of ROS elevated, especially in drug‐resistant tumors (Gaschler et al., 2018; Hangauer et al., 2017)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, gene expression analysis of human melanoma cell lines and patient tumors revealed that melanoma follows a two-dimensional differentiation trajectory that can be subclassified into four progressive subtypes associated with subtype-specific sensitivity to iron-dependent oxidative stress and cell death known as ferroptosis.

516 citations


"Inhibition of tumor propellant glut..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Second, as the core member of ferroptosis, ROS participates in various pathways (Hervera et al., 2018; Villegas et al., 2018), whether the intervening of GPX4 would (a) (c) (d) (f)(e) (g) (b) F IGURE 8 GPX4 inhibition enhances anticnacer effect of cis via autophagy in vitro and vivo....

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