Inner Bay of Fundy (iBoF) Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Marine Habitat: Proposal for Important Habitat
01 Jan 2014-
TL;DR: The life stage USAGE of ESTUARINE/MarINE/MARINE HABITAT has been studied in this article, with a focus on Atlantic Salmon Marine Habitat.
Abstract: iv RESUME v INTRODUCTION 1 CONTEXT 1 BACKGROUND 2 REGULARLY FREQUENTED MARINE HABITAT 2 THE GULF OF MAINE 4 Circulation Patterns 4 BAY OF FUNDY 4 Geomorphology 4 Surface Currents 5 Tides 6 Salinity 6 Temperature 7 Productivity 7 Prey of Atlantic Salmon 7 FRESHWATER AREAS OF CRITICAL HABITAT 9 ESTUARINE AND MARINE AREAS OF OCCUPANCY 9 SMOLT 9 POST-SMOLTS 10 Historical Tagging: 1963-1990 10 First Electronic Tagging Study: 1999 11 Second Electronic Tagging Study: 2001-2002 13 Trawling Surveys: 2001-2003 15 MATURING AND NON-MATURING SALMON 17 RETURNING ADULTS 17 Bay of Fundy Commercial/Salmon Fisheries 18 Inner Bay of Fundy in-River Recreational Fisheries 20 KELTS 21 SUMMARY: LIFE STAGE USAGE OF ESTUARINE/MARINE HABITAT 22 Smolts 22 Post-Smolts 23 Maturing/Non-Maturing Salmon 24 Returning Adults 24 Kelts 25 PROPOSAL FOR IMPORTANT HABITAT 25 RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS 26 ADDITIONAL RESEARCH 29 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 29 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 29 LITERATURE CITED 30 TABLES 37 FIGURES 42 ANNEX 1 67 Maritimes Region iBoF Atlantic Salmon Marine Habitat
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Dissertation•
01 Nov 2018
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Book Chapter•
12 Aug 1967
629 citations
"Inner Bay of Fundy (iBoF) Atlantic ..." refers background in this paper
...…has been said to function as a large estuary, i.e., a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which lighter fresher waters move seaward at the surface and heavier more saline water moves landward at depth (Pritchard 1967 in Wells and Pesch 2004)....
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TL;DR: Friedland et al. as mentioned in this paper examined two long-term tagging studies with wild salmon stocks in the North Sea area and found that post-smolt growth increments for returning 1SW fish were associated with years during which temperature conditions were favorable, which resulted in higher survival rates.
Abstract: Friedland, K. D., Hansen, L. P., Dunkley, D. A., and MacLean, J. C. 2000. Linkage between ocean climate, post-smolt growth, and survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the North Sea area. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57: 419–429. We examined two long-term tagging studies with wild salmon stocks in the North Sea area. The salmon stocks, the Figgjo in southern Norway and the North Esk in eastern Scotland, reside in relatively un-impacted rivers that continue to sustain healthy runs of salmon. The return rates for one seawinter fish (1SW), the predominant age at maturity for both stocks, were highly correlated. An analysis of sea surface temperature distributions for periods of high versus low return rate showed that when low sea surface temperatures dominate the North Sea and southern coast of Norway during May, salmon survival has been poor. Conversely, when high sea surface temperatures extend northward along the Norwegian coast during May, survival has been good. Ocean conditions can be further related to the recruitment process through growth studies for the North Esk stock. Post-smolt growth increments for returning 1SW fish showed that enhanced growth was associated with years during which temperature conditions were favorable, which in turn resulted in higher survival rates. The implicit linkage between growth and survival suggests that growth-mediated predation is the dominant source of recruitment variability. Mechanisms by which ocean climate may affect post-smolt growth are discussed. 2000 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
249 citations
"Inner Bay of Fundy (iBoF) Atlantic ..." refers background in this paper
...The distribution of tags, as well as the availability of ‘preferred’ sea temperatures, i.e., 8-12°C; Friedland et al. (2000); Holm et al. (2004) and 13°C (optimum for growth Handeland et al. 2003), especially in the Morden area of Kings County, Nova Scotia, where weirs were located in areas known…...
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TL;DR: The Gulf of Maine Coastal Current (GMCC) was investigated from 1998 to 2001 by means of extensive hydrographic surveys, current meter moorings, tracked drifters, and satellite-derived thermal imagery as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Gulf of Maine Coastal Current (GMCC), which extends from southern Nova Scotia to Cape Cod Massachusetts, was investigated from 1998 to 2001 by means of extensive hydrographic surveys, current meter moorings, tracked drifters, and satellite-derived thermal imagery. The study focused on two principal branches of the GMCC, the Eastern Maine Coastal Current (EMCC) that extends along the eastern coast of Maine to Penobscot Bay, and the Western Maine Coastal Current (WMCC) that extends westward from Penobscot Bay to Massachusetts Bay. Results confirm that GMCC is primarily a pressure gradient-driven system with both principal branches increasing their transport in the spring and summer due to fresh-water inflows, and flowing southwestward against the mean wind forcing during this period. In the spring and summer the subtidal surface currents in the EMCC range from 0.15 to 0.30 ms 1 while subtidal WMCC currents range from 0.05 to 0.15 ms 1 . The reduction of southwestward transport near Penobscot Bay is accomplished via an offshore veering of a variable portion of the EMCC, some of which recirculates cyclonically within the eastern Gulf of Maine. The degree of summer offshore veering, versus leakage into the WMCC, varied strongly over the three study years, from nearly complete disruption in 1998 to nearly continuous through-flow in 2000. Observations show strong seasonal and interannual variability in both the strength of the GMCC and the degree of connectivity of its principal branches. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
202 citations
TL;DR: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are distributed over large areas in the north Atlantic Ocean and usually move very quickly from freshwater to oceanic areas, whereas there is considerable variation in their distribution.
Abstract: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are distributed over large areas in the north Atlantic Ocean They usually move very quickly from freshwater to oceanic areas, whereas there is considerable variation
185 citations