Insect Fat, a Promising Resource for Biodiesel
19 Nov 2011-Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology (OMICS International)-Vol. 4, Iss: 3, pp 1-3
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the research and developmental progress on insect fat, especially the possibility of insect fat as potential feedstock of biodiesel, and then the residual after extraction can be used as protein feedstuff.
Abstract: Biodiesel is one promising approach to reduce the consumption of petroleum. However, biodiesel economy has been hampered by the production of oilseed plants. Therefore, alternative feedstocks are urgently needed to enable biodiesel production from cheaper materials. Insect recourse which is rated as the most diverse animal group is rich and ubiquitous in the world. Insect could convert organic waste into insect fat which was further extracted as a novel feedstock for biodiesel production, and then the residual after extraction can be used as protein feedstuff. This paper reviewed the research and developmental progress on insect fat, especially the possibility of insect fat as potential feedstock of biodiesel.
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TL;DR: The current review investigates the processing of an insect meal as an alternative protein source to feed broilers and shows that the high productivity of biomass, feed conversion efficiency and the organic waste conversion capacity from poultry farms is aided by the use of larvae from housefly and black soldier fly species.
Abstract: The growing global demand for soybeans due to its different uses and by-products, as well as its use in the diet of several livestock species, is forcing the industry to seek alternative protein sources. Environmental concerns related to huge volumes of poultry manure serve as a warning for the choice of more sustainable production systems. Thus, the current review investigates the processing of an insect meal as an alternative protein source to feed broilers. The five desirable features in the selection of insect species proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) show that the high productivity of biomass, feed conversion efficiency and the organic waste conversion capacity from poultry farms is aided by the use of larvae from housefly and black soldier fly species. Brazilian production of such insects is possible due to climatic and environmental conditions and has the potential to supply part of the protein demands of the Brazilian poultry industry when raised in controlled environments. The prevalence of tropical climatic conditions and the possible use of organic waste from poultry farms as substrate can mitigate some environmental issues as well as generate income to smallholder farms prevailing in this activity.
13 citations
TL;DR: High‐quality protein feeds are needed to provide essential amino acids for poultry, particularly methionine; however, fishmeal sources are limited and may not be sustainable or local.
Abstract: SUMMARY Organic poultry production is based on ecological processes, such as nutrient cycling, and reduces the use of synthetic inputs. High-quality protein feeds are needed to provide essential amino acids for poultry, particularly methionine. Although synthetic methionine is currently allowed in poultry feeding in the US organic program, sources that are natural are needed. Fishmeal is a high-quality protein and contains methionine; however, fishmeal sources are limited and may not be sustainable or local. A possible source of fishmeal in the USA is Asian carp fishmeal. Asian carp have invaded the Mississippi river basin with negative impacts on native fish and riparian ecosystems, and harvesting the carp may be a management strategy to help control it. Additional options for high-quality protein feeds include invertebrate meals from mass insect production, such as black soldier fly larvae, and worms. These can be raised sustainably for poultry feed by using crop by-products, residues, or recycled food to reduce food waste. Alternative feeding methods may be helpful to utilize these innovative feeds. Alternative protein feeds can contribute to ecological poultry production and have an important role under certified organic standards.
13 citations
31 Jul 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used black soldier fly fat, palm kernel and coconut oil to synthesize a glycine-acyl surfactant by means of a Schotten-Baumann reaction.
Abstract:
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are a new source of high-quality bio-based materials
that can be implemented for technical applications. Black soldier fly larvae can be bred in high
numbers in small areas and organic waste streams, making large scale industrial breeding possible.
Fats from the black soldier fly are very rich in lauric acid, and the fatty acid profile resembles that of
palm kernel and coconut oil. Therefore, black soldier fly fats could be envisaged to have similar applications
to these plant-derived oils.
The aims of this work were (1) to use black soldier fly fat, palm kernel and coconut oil to synthesize a
glycine-acyl surfactant by means of a Schotten-Baumann reaction; (2) to determine the yield and purity
of the reaction products; and (3) to determine solubility, foaming capacity, surface tension and critical
micelle concentration of the surfactants in comparison to a commercially-available glycinecoconut
oil surfactant, Amilite GCS-11®.
The aims of this work were (1) to use black soldier fly fat, palm kernel and coconut oil to synthesize a
glycine-acyl surfactant by means of a Schotten-Baumann reaction; (2) to determine the yield and purity
of the reaction products; and (3) to determine solubility, foaming capacity, surface tension and critical
micelle concentration of the surfactants in comparison to a commercially-available glycinecoconut
oil surfactant, Amilite GCS-11®.
It is concluded that black soldier fly fats are a suitable alternative to coconut or palm kernel oil for the
preparation of glycine-acyl surfactants.
8 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the proper transesterification, measure of biodiesel production (ester), and characterization of green algae oil is discussed. But, it can be construed that green growth developed in CO2-enhanced air can be changed over to sleek substances.
Abstract: Algae oil is an intriguing supportable feedstock for biodiesel producing. Green algae have risen as a standout amongst the most encouraging hotspots for biodiesel creation. It can be construed that green growth developed in CO2-enhanced air can be changed over to sleek substances. This study was embraced to know the proper transesterification, measure of biodiesel production (ester) and characterization. Glycerol as a By-product which is used for many other products.
5 citations
Cites methods from "Insect Fat, a Promising Resource fo..."
...After 24 hours the settled ethyl esters was separated and send them to Transesterification reaction for recycling [61-72] (Figure 5)....
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Dissertation•
01 Jun 2016
5 citations
Cites background from "Insect Fat, a Promising Resource fo..."
...…that can be further processed by Chapter 1 34 separating various fraction (oil, protein extract, chitin…), depending on the degree of technology, and ultimately used as biofuels, feed ingredients / additives or biofertilisers for crops (Das et al., 2010; Li et al., 2011a; van Huis et al., 2013)....
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References
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TL;DR: The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.
Abstract: Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials, and its enhanced use would address several societal needs. Advances in genetics, biotechnology, process chemistry, and engineering are leading to a new manufacturing concept for converting renewable biomass to valuable fuels and products, generally referred to as the biorefinery. The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.
5,344 citations
"Insect Fat, a Promising Resource fo..." refers background in this paper
...As a renewable fuel, biodiesel is an important resource to provide energy for the world’s transportation needs [1,2]....
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TL;DR: Transportation biofuels such as synfuel hydrocarbons or cellulosic ethanol, if produced from low-input biomass grown on agriculturally marginal land or from waste biomass, could provide much greater supplies and environmental benefits than food-basedBiofuels.
Abstract: Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and concerns about petroleum supplies have spurred the search for renewable transportation biofuels. To be a viable alternative, a biofuel should provide a net energy gain, have environmental benefits, be economically competitive, and be producible in large quantities without reducing food supplies. We use these criteria to evaluate, through life-cycle accounting, ethanol from corn grain and biodiesel from soybeans. Ethanol yields 25% more energy than the energy invested in its production, whereas biodiesel yields 93% more. Compared with ethanol, biodiesel releases just 1.0%, 8.3%, and 13% of the agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticide pollutants, respectively, per net energy gain. Relative to the fossil fuels they displace, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced 12% by the production and combustion of ethanol and 41% by biodiesel. Biodiesel also releases less air pollutants per net energy gain than ethanol. These advantages of biodiesel over ethanol come from lower agricultural inputs and more efficient conversion of feedstocks to fuel. Neither biofuel can replace much petroleum without impacting food supplies. Even dedicating all U.S. corn and soybean production to biofuels would meet only 12% of gasoline demand and 6% of diesel demand. Until recent increases in petroleum prices, high production costs made biofuels unprofitable without subsidies. Biodiesel provides sufficient environmental advantages to merit subsidy. Transportation biofuels such as synfuel hydrocarbons or cellulosic ethanol, if produced from low-input biomass grown on agriculturally marginal land or from waste biomass, could provide much greater supplies and environmental benefits than food-based biofuels.
2,841 citations
"Insect Fat, a Promising Resource fo..." refers background in this paper
...As a renewable fuel, biodiesel is an important resource to provide energy for the world’s transportation needs [1,2]....
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TL;DR: This review focuses on energy storage and release in insects and summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these processes in insects.
Abstract: The fat body plays major roles in the life of insects. It is a dynamic tissue involved in multiple metabolic functions. One of these functions is to store and release energy in response to the energy demands of the insect. Insects store energy reserves in the form of glycogen and triglycerides in the adipocytes, the main fat body cell. Insect adipocytes can store a great amount of lipid reserves as cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Lipid metabolism is essential for growth and reproduction and provides energy needed during extended nonfeeding periods. This review focuses on energy storage and release and summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these processes in insects.
1,617 citations
"Insect Fat, a Promising Resource fo..." refers background in this paper
...Insect fat play an important role in the course of evolution, it can serve as a support, reproduction, metamorphosis and other energy sources [16]....
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TL;DR: Exploiting multiple feedstocks, under new policies and accounting rules, to balance biofuel production, food security, and greenhouse-gas reduction and to accept the undesirable impacts of biofuels done wrong.
Abstract: Recent analyses of the energy and greenhouse-gas performance of alternative biofuels have ignited a controversy that may be best resolved by applying two simple principles. In a world seeking solutions to its energy, environmental, and food challenges, society cannot afford to miss out on the global greenhouse-gas emission reductions and the local environmental and societal benefits when biofuels are done right. However, society also cannot accept the undesirable impacts of biofuels done wrong.
1,551 citations
"Insect Fat, a Promising Resource fo..." refers background in this paper
...The raw materials being exploited commercially are the edible oils such as rapeseed, soybean, palm, sunflower, etc, and which also are basic requirement as food [4]....
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TL;DR: An overview of the technologies in the production of biodiesel from microalgae, including the various modes of cultivation for theproduction of oil-rich microalgal biomass, as well as the subsequent downstream processing for biodiesel production is provided.
1,087 citations
"Insect Fat, a Promising Resource fo..." refers background in this paper
...In this context, some had searched for new renewable feedstock for biodiesel, such as microalgae [6], and Jatropha curcas [7]....
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