Insecticide resistance in Australian Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) — II: Malathion resistance in eastern Australia
TL;DR: Malathion resistance is recorded from eastern Australia in Tribolium castaneum associated with peanuts and cereals in storage, and the relationship between this response and mortality is discussed in this paper.
About: This article is published in Journal of Stored Products Research.The article was published on 1970-08-01. It has received 68 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Malathion & Pesticide resistance.
Citations
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TL;DR: Data suggest the involvement of acetylcholinesterase in the coevolved insect response to terpenoids, as well as a range of functional groups, that were reversible competitive inhibitors apparently occupying at least the hydrophobic site of the enzyme's active center.
Abstract: The theory of plant-insect coevolution provides for diffuse coevolution and the expectation that plants evolve broad-spectrum chemical defenses with which some insects coevolve by detoxifying and using the compounds as host-location cues. Specific biochemical modes of action have been assigned to relatively few such defense chemicals and one major class, the terpenoids, is investigated here. Six terpenoids inhibited the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (derived from electric eel) and elicited the appropriate in vivo effects of insect paralysis and mortality. The diterpene gossypol was a reversible uncompetitive inhibitor. Five monoterpenes, representing a range of functional groups, were reversible competitive inhibitors apparently occupying at least the hydrophobic site of the enzyme's active center. Such data suggest the involvement of acetylcholinesterase in the coevolved insect response to terpenoids.
326 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest spinosad to be a potential protectant against R. dominica and L. entomophila in stored grain in Australia.
159 citations
TL;DR: The characteristics of a new high-level, field-derived resistance to pyrethroids in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were investigated using impregnated-paper and treated-grain assays, suggesting that the major resistance mechanism was microsomal oxidation.
Abstract: The characteristics of a new high-level, field-derived resistance to pyrethroids in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were investigated using impregnated-paper and treated-grain assays.
Piperonyl butoxide almost completely suppressed the resistance, suggesting that the major resistance mechanism was microsomal oxidation. Resistance extended to all pyrethroids tested and to carbaryl but not to organophosphorus insecticides or to methoprene. Resistance was strongest against α—CN phenoxybenzyl cyclopropanecarboxylate pyrethroids and was correlated with structural modifications of the pyrethroid molecule, results also consistent with oxidative resistance.
This resistance will ultimately result in failures to control T. castaneum if pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, cypermethrin or cyfluthrin, are used in the field, even if they are synergised with piperonyl butoxide. The resistance does not jeopardise organophosphorus materials (e.g. fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, methacrifos) or methoprene.
83 citations
TL;DR: The present study shows that a strain of Tribolium castaneum resistant to many conventional insecticides is also resistant to juvenile hormone.
Abstract: Resistance to Synthetic Juvenile Hormone in a Strain of the Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum
68 citations
TL;DR: Results show that methoprene is stable at a range of temperatures commonly encountered in indoor food storage facilities and at high temperatures attained during insecticidal heat treatments of structures.
Abstract: The residual efficacy of the juvenile hormone analog methoprene (Diacon II) was evaluated in bioassays using larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) exposed on unsealed concrete or varnished wood treated with a liquid formulation and held at different temperatures. When these two types of surfaces were stored at 20, 30 or 35°C for 0–24 wk, the percentage of adult emergence on concrete increased with time. In contrast, there was no adult emergence from larvae exposed to varnished wood at 24 wk after treatment at any of these temperatures. The presence of flour reduced residual efficacy of methoprene on concrete, but not on varnished wood, with no differences between cleaning frequencies. Methoprene was also stable for 48 h on concrete held at 65°C and wheat, Triticum aestivum L., held at 46°C. Results show that methoprene is stable at a range of temperatures commonly encountered in indoor food storage facilities and at high temperatures attained during insecticidal heat treatments of structures. The residual persistence of methoprene applied to different surface substrates may be affected more by the substrate than by temperature.
52 citations
References
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TL;DR: Triphenyl phosphate is an unsuitable synergist for practical control measures because it is known to synergize malathion against mammals, but since this compound did not appear to inhibit the production of phosphatase products, it may well prove useful for the rapid laboratory identification of this type of malathions-specific resistance in Tribolium.
65 citations
TL;DR: Eight species are now known to have developed some degree of resistance to nine insecticides, and standardization of test methods among workers on stored-product insects is badly needed.
48 citations
TL;DR: A test method is described for detecting insecticide resistance to malathion, carbaryl, lindane and pyrethrins in Tribolium castaneum based on exposure of adult insects to insecticide impregnated filter paper.
45 citations
TL;DR: No resistance to malathion and diazinon was recorded for this species, but a small increase in tolerance to ronnel was detected and no resistance was recorded from S. zeamais.
32 citations
TL;DR: Ten strains of red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), collected from 1963 to 1965 from storage facilities in which malathions had been used for various known periods were tested for resistance to topical applications of malathion.
Abstract: Ten strains of red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), collected from 1963 to 1965 from storage facilities in which malathion had been used for various known periods were tested for resistance to topical applications of malathion. The most resistant strain required 11.3 times as much malathion for the LD50 as did the susceptible standard laboratory strain. Insects having no known exposure to malathion in warehouses were nearly as susceptible as the laboratory strain.
21 citations