Journal ArticleDOI
Insecticide resistance in field populations of Asian citrus psyllid in Florida
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TLDR
It is suggested that varying levels of insecticide susceptibility exist in ACP populations across the citrus-growing areas of Florida and insecticide resistance may become an emerging problem for ACP control if effective resistance management is not practiced.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, is a major pest of citrus because it vectors the putative causal agent of huanglongbing disease. Insecticides are currently the basis of psyllid management programs, and the number of annual insecticide applications has increased significantly. In this paper, a series of investigations of insecticide resistance among field populations of adult and immature ACP in Florida is described. RESULTS: In 2009, the highest level of resistance for adult ACP, as compared with the laboratory susceptible (LS) population, was found with imidacloprid with an LD50 resistance ratio (RR50) of 35 in one population. This was followed by chlorpyriphos (RR50 = 17.9, 13.3, 11.8 and 6.9), thiamethoxam (RR50 = 15 and 13), malathion (RR50 = 5.4 and 5.0) and fenpropathrin (RR50 = 4.8). In 2010, mortality of adults from all five sites sampled was lower than with the LS population at three diagnostic concentrations of each insecticide tested. Among nymph populations, indications of resistance were observed with carbaryl (RR50 = 2.9), chlorpyriphos (RR50 = 3.2), imidacloprid (RR50 = 2.3 and 3.9) and spinetoram (RR50 = 4.8 and 5.9). General esterase, glutathione S-transferase and monooxygenase levels were also elevated in field-collected adult and nymph ACP as compared with the LS population. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that varying levels of insecticide susceptibility exist in ACP populations across the citrus-growing areas of Florida. Increased levels of detoxifying enzymes in these populations may partially explain these differences. The present results indicate that insecticide resistance may become an emerging problem for ACP control if effective resistance management is not practiced. c � 2011 Society of Chemical Industry Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The global status of insect resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides
TL;DR: Despite the current scale of resistance, neonicotinoids remain a major component of many pest control programmes, and resistance management strategies, based on mode of action rotation, are of crucial importance in preventing resistance becoming more widespread.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biology and management of Asian citrus psyllid, vector of the huanglongbing pathogens.
TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of D. citri biology and behavior, pathogen transmission biology, biological control, and chemical control with respect to "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, vector of citrus huanglongbing disease
TL;DR: An updated review of ACP and HLB is presented with an emphasis on the problem in Florida, where the geographic range of the disease is expanding, threatening citrus industries in new areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resistance and cross-resistance to the spinosyns – A review and analysis
TL;DR: While resistance and cross-resistance to the spinosyns does occur, it is appears to be more limited in impact than might be implied from the large body of literature on the subject.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical control of the Asian citrus psyllid and of huanglongbing disease in citrus.
TL;DR: There is an urgent need to find a sustainable solution to the HLB menace through chemical control of ACP populations and within HLB-infected trees through the judicious use of labeled insecticides (existing and novel chemistries) and antibiotics in area-wide management programs with due consideration to the insecticide resistance problem.
References
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PatentDOI
Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid
TL;DR: This new method maintains the high sensitivity and low protein-to-protein variation associated with the Lowry technique and demonstrates a greater tolerance of the bicinchoninate reagent toward such commonly encountered interferences as nonionic detergents and simple buffer salts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation.
TL;DR: The purification of homogeneous glutathione S-transferases B and C from rat liver is described, and only transferases A and C are immunologically related.
Journal ArticleDOI
A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide
TL;DR: In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, which eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asian citrus psyllids (sternorrhyncha: psyllidae) and greening disease of citrus: a literature review and assessment of risk in florida
Susan E. Halbert,K. L. Manjunath +1 more
TL;DR: Management of citrus greening disease is difficult and requires an integrated approach including use of clean stock, elimination of inoculum via voluntary and regulatory means, use of pesticides to control psyllid vectors in the citrus crop, and biological control of psyllID vectors in non-crop reservoirs.
Journal ArticleDOI
A study of housefly esterases by means of a sensitive colorimetric method
TL;DR: Esterases in organophosphate susceptible and resistant houseflies were studied by means of sensitive Gomori method and the addition of heat-inactivated homogenate strongly enhanced the ali-esterase activity to α-naphthylacetate, causing the disappearance of the disproportionality initially observed between enzyme concentration and activity.
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