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Instability and decay of the primary structure of DNA
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TLDR
The spontaneous decay of DNA is likely to be a major factor in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and ageing, and also sets limits for the recovery of DNA fragments from fossils.Abstract:
Although DNA is the carrier of genetic information, it has limited chemical stability. Hydrolysis, oxidation and nonenzymatic methylation of DNA occur at significant rates in vivo, and are counteracted by specific DNA repair processes. The spontaneous decay of DNA is likely to be a major factor in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and ageing, and also sets limits for the recovery of DNA fragments from fossils.read more
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Specific killing of BRCA2-deficient tumours with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
Helen E. Bryant,Nilklas Schultz,Huw D. Thomas,Kayan M. Parker,Dan Flower,Elena Lopez,Suzanne Kyle,Mark Meuth,Nicola J. Curtin,Thomas Helleday,Thomas Helleday +10 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that, in the absence of PARP1, spontaneous single-strand breaks collapse replication forks and trigger homologous recombination for repair and exploited in order to kill BRCA2-deficient tumours by PARP inhibition alone.
sources and effects of ionizing radiation
TL;DR: This annex is aimed at providing a sound basis for conclusions regarding the number of significant radiation accidents that have occurred, the corresponding levels of radiation exposures and numbers of deaths and injuries, and the general trends for various practices, in the context of the Committee's overall evaluations of the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome maintenance mechanisms for preventing cancer
TL;DR: This review summarizes the main DNA caretaking systems and their impact on genome stability and carcinogenesis.
Journal Article
Mutations in the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene: Clues to Cancer Etiology and Molecular Pathogenesis
TL;DR: The p53 tumor suppressor gene has become a paradigm in cancer research because it is commonly mutated in human cancer and the spectrum of p53 mutations in these cancers is providing clues to the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of neoplasia as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Tumors from BRCA Mutation Carriers
Peter C.C. Fong,D. S. Boss,Timothy A. Yap,Andrew Tutt,Peijun Wu,Marja Mergui-Roelvink,Peter S. Mortimer,Helen Swaisland,Alan Lau,Mark J. O'Connor,Alan Ashworth,James Carmichael,Stan B. Kaye,Jan H.M. Schellens,Jan H.M. Schellens,Johann S. de Bono +15 more
TL;DR: Olaparib has few of the adverse effects of conventional chemotherapy, inhibits PARP, and has antitumor activity in cancer associated with the BRCA1 or BRCa2 mutation.
References
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The metabolic basis of inherited disease
TL;DR: The metabolic basis of inherited disease, the metabolic basis for inherited disease as mentioned in this paper, The metabolic basis in inherited disease and inherited diseases, and inherited disease diagnosis and management, in the context of inherited diseases
Journal ArticleDOI
Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts.
TL;DR: The amount and length of telomeric DNA in human fibroblasts does in fact decrease as a function of serial passage during ageing in vitro and possibly in vivo.
Journal Article
Production of Large Amounts of Hydrogen Peroxide by Human Tumor Cells
Ted P. Szatrowski,Carl Nathan +1 more
TL;DR: Constitutive generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen intermediates, if it occurs in vivo, might contribute to the ability of some tumors to mutate, inhibit antiproteases, injure local tissues, and therefore promote tumor heterogeneity, invasion, and metastasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Douglas C. Wallace,Gurparkash Singh,Marie T. Lott,Judy A. Hodge,Theodore G. Schurr,Angela M. S. Lezza,Louis J. Elsas,Eeva K. Nikoskelainen +7 more
TL;DR: This finding demonstrated that a nucleotide change in a mitochondrial DNA energy production gene can result in a neurological disease.