Instability of the Motion of a Pulsating Bubble in a Sound Field
01 Mar 1970-Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (Acoustical Society of America)-Vol. 47, pp 762-767
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe two related instabilities of spherical bubbles that are set into pulsation by a sound field, one instability occurs when the sound pressure amplitude exceeds a threshold value, and they measured the threshold for bubbles driven below resonance in water and in isopropyl alcohol.
Abstract: This paper describes two related instabilities of spherical bubbles that are set into pulsation by a sound field. One instability is the observed onset of erratic dancing by bubbles that are trapped in a standing wave. This instability occurs when the sound‐pressure amplitude exceeds a threshold value, and we measured the threshold for bubbles driven below resonance in water and in isopropyl alcohol. The other instability, which also requires that the sound‐pressure amplitude exceed a threshold value, is the theoretically predicted onset of oscillation of the bubble shape. This threshold was calculated for the conditions of the previous experiments by a theory of parametric excitation based on Hill's equation. All results refer to pressure amplitudes less than 0.7 bar and frequencies from 23.6 to 28.3 kHz. From the close agreement of the measured dancing thresholds and the calculated shape‐oscillation thresholds, we conclude that the erratic dancing of pulsating bubbles in a sound field is caused by shape oscillations that are parametrically excited by the bubble pulsations.
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TL;DR: A review of single-bubble sonoluminescence can be found in this article, where the authors survey the major areas of research in this field and present an overview of what is known and outlines some directions for future research.
Abstract: Single-bubble sonoluminescence occurs when an acoustically trapped and periodically driven gas bubble collapses so strongly that the energy focusing at collapse leads to light emission. Detailed experiments have demonstrated the unique properties of this system: the spectrum of the emitted light tends to peak in the ultraviolet and depends strongly on the type of gas dissolved in the liquid; small amounts of trace noble gases or other impurities can dramatically change the amount of light emission, which is also affected by small changes in other operating parameters (mainly forcing pressure, dissolved gas concentration, and liquid temperature). This article reviews experimental and theoretical efforts to understand this phenomenon. The currently available information favors a description of sonoluminescence caused by adiabatic heating of the bubble at collapse, leading to partial ionization of the gas inside the bubble and to thermal emission such as bremsstrahlung. After a brief historical review, the authors survey the major areas of research: Section II describes the classical theory of bubble dynamics, as developed by Rayleigh, Plesset, Prosperetti, and others, while Sec. III describes research on the gas dynamics inside the bubble. Shock waves inside the bubble do not seem to play a prominent role in the process. Section IV discusses the hydrodynamic and chemical stability of the bubble. Stable single-bubble sonoluminescence requires that the bubble be shape stable and diffusively stable, and, together with an energy focusing condition, this fixes the parameter space where light emission occurs. Section V describes experiments and models addressing the origin of the light emission. The final section presents an overview of what is known, and outlines some directions for future research.
843 citations
Cites methods or result from "Instability of the Motion of a Puls..."
...For nonsonoluminescing bubbles, stability diagrams of a similar type were first measured by Eller and Crum (1970) and later by Horsburgh (1990)....
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...…Plesset, 1949, 1954; Epstein and Plesset, 1950; Plesset and Zwick, 1952; Plesset, 1954; Plesset and Mitchell, 1956; Eller and Flynn, 1964; Eller, 1969; Eller and Crum, 1970; Prosperetti, 1974, 1975, 1977a, 1977d; Plesset and Prosperetti, 1977; Prosperetti and Lezzi, 1986; Prosperetti et al., 1988....
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...…shape stability analysis in the regime Pa;0.5– 1 atm (Brenner, Hilgenfeldt, and Lohse, 1998; Brenner et al., 1999; Hao and Prosperetti, 1999b; Augsdörfer et al., 2000) gives similar thresholds to those found in experiment by Eller and Crum (1970), Horsburgh (1990), and Gaitan and Holt (1998)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the basic equations for nonlinear bubble oscillation in sound fields are given, together with a survey of typical solutions, and three stability conditions for stable trapping of bubbles in standing sound fields: positional, spherical and diffusional stability.
Abstract: Bubbles in liquids, soft and squeezy objects made of gas and vapour, yet so strong as to destroy any material and so mysterious as at times turning into tiny light bulbs, are the topic of the present report. Bubbles respond to pressure forces and reveal their full potential when periodically driven by sound waves. The basic equations for nonlinear bubble oscillation in sound fields are given, together with a survey of typical solutions. A bubble in a liquid can be considered as a representative example from nonlinear dynamical systems theory with its resonances, multiple attractors with their basins, bifurcations to chaos and not yet fully describable behaviour due to infinite complexity. Three stability conditions are treated for stable trapping of bubbles in standing sound fields: positional, spherical and diffusional stability. Chemical reactions may become important in that respect, when reacting gases fill the bubble, but the chemistry of bubbles is just touched upon and is beyond the scope of the present report. Bubble collapse, the runaway shrinking of a bubble, is presented in its current state of knowledge. Pressures and temperatures that are reached at this occasion are discussed, as well as the light emission in the form of short flashes. Aspherical bubble collapse, as for instance enforced by boundaries nearby, mitigates most of the phenomena encountered in spherical collapse, but introduces a new effect: jet formation, the self-piercing of a bubble with a high velocity liquid jet. Examples of this phenomenon are given from light induced bubbles. Two oscillating bubbles attract or repel each other, depending on their oscillations and their distance. Upon approaching, attraction may change to repulsion and vice versa. When being close, they also shoot self-piercing jets at each other. Systems of bubbles are treated as they appear after shock wave passage through a liquid and with their branched filaments that they attain in standing sound fields. The N-bubble problem is formulated in the spirit of the n-body problem of astrophysics, but with more complicated interaction forces. Simulations are compared with three-dimensional bubble dynamics obtained by stereoscopic high speed digital videography.
586 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that inertial cavitation can help address some of the major challenges of HIFU therapy by providing a means of enhancing and monitoring treatment noninvasively.
Abstract: Biomedical acoustics is rapidly evolving from a diagnostic modality into a therapeutic tool, and acoustic cavitation is often the common denominator in a wide range of new therapeutic applications. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) waves generated outside the body can be used to deposit heat deep within the body. Through a quantitative analysis of heat deposition by ultrasound, it is shown that inertial cavitation can help address some of the major challenges of HIFU therapy by providing a means of enhancing and monitoring treatment noninvasively. In the context of drug delivery, both inertial and stable cavitation play roles in enhancing drug activity and uptake. In particular, shape oscillations arising during stable cavitation provide an effective micropumping mechanism for enhanced mass transport across inaccessible interfaces.
428 citations
Cites background from "Instability of the Motion of a Puls..."
...As this equilibrium size increases to a critical value, a parametric instability to wavy shape perturbations can lead to the excitation of shape oscillations (Crum & Eller 1970; Eller & Crum 1970; Maksimov & Leighton 2001)....
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TL;DR: Evidence for the hypothesis that cavitation bubble activity in the focal zone is the cause of enhanced heating is presented and discussed, and mechanisms for bubble-assisted heating are presented and modeled, and quantitative estimates for the thermal power generated by viscous dissipation and bubble acoustic radiation are given.
Abstract: Time-resolved measurements of the temperature field in an agar-based tissue-mimicking phantom insonated with a large aperture 1-MHz focused acoustic transducer are reported. The acoustic pressure amplitude and insonation duration were varied. Above a critical threshold acoustic pressure, a large increase in the temperature rise during insonation was observed. Evidence for the hypothesis that cavitation bubble activity in the focal zone is the cause of enhanced heating is presented and discussed. Mechanisms for bubble-assisted heating are presented and modeled, and quantitative estimates for the thermal power generated by viscous dissipation and bubble acoustic radiation are given.
335 citations