Instant nano-hydroxyapatite: a continuous and rapid hydrothermal synthesis{

doi:10.1039/B518102J

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Instant nano-hydroxyapatite: a continuous and rapid hydrothermal synthesis{

Journal Article•DOI•

Instant nano-hydroxyapatite: a continuous and rapid hydrothermal synthesis{

Aqif Anwar Chaudhry¹, Saba Haque¹, Suela Kellici¹, Paul Boldrin¹, Ihtesham Ur Rehman¹, Fazal Ahmad Khalid², Jawwad A. Darr¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

Queen Mary University of London¹, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology²

22 May 2006-Chemical Communications (The Royal Society of Chemistry)-Iss: 21, pp 2286-2288

TL;DR: Nano-particle hydroxyapatite rods, were rapidly synthesised using a three pump continuous hydrothermal process and obtained as a highly crystalline and phase pure material, without the need for an ageing step or subsequent heat treatment.

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About: This article is published in Chemical Communications.The article was published on 2006-05-22. It has received 157 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hydrothermal synthesis & Hydrothermal circulation.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Nanosized and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates.

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Sergey V. Dorozhkin

01 Mar 2010-Acta Biomaterialia

TL;DR: The nanosized and nanocrystalline forms of calcium orthophosphates have great potential to revolutionize the hard tissue-engineering field, starting from bone repair and augmentation to controlled drug delivery systems.

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469 citations

Cites methods from "Instant nano-hydroxyapatite: a cont..."

...synthesis [39,41,103,104,181,202,209,210,212–218], mechanochemical synthesis [35,160,216,219–222], mechanical alloying...
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...Crystalline and phase-pure nanosized HA and CDHAwere synthesized in a continuous hydrothermal flow system using supercritical water at <400 C and 24 MPa pressure [214]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Continuous Hydrothermal Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles: Applications and Future Directions

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Jawwad A. Darr¹, Jingyi Zhang², Neel M. Makwana¹, Xiaole Weng²•Institutions (2)

University College London¹, Zhejiang University²

03 Aug 2017-Chemical Reviews

TL;DR: The state-of-art in the manufacture and applications of inorganic nanoparticles made using continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) processes are summarized, ideal requirements of any flow process for nanoceramics production are introduced, different approaches to CHFS are outlined, and the pertinent properties of supercritical water and issues around mixing in flow are introduced.

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Abstract: Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the emerging field of nanotechnology. Their unique and tunable size-dependent properties (in the range 1–100 nm) make these materials indispensable in many modern technological applications. In this Review, we summarize the state-of-art in the manufacture and applications of inorganic nanoparticles made using continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) processes. First, we introduce ideal requirements of any flow process for nanoceramics production, outline different approaches to CHFS, and introduce the pertinent properties of supercritical water and issues around mixing in flow, to generate nanoparticles. This Review then gives comprehensive coverage of the current application space for CHFS-made nanomaterials including optical, healthcare, electronics (including sensors, information, and communication technologies), catalysis, devices (including energy harvesting/conversion/fuels), and energy storage applications. Thereafter, topics of precursor chemistry and ...

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361 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Advances in synthesis of calcium phosphate crystals with controlled size and shape.

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Kaili Lin¹, Chengtie Wu¹, Jiang Chang¹•Institutions (1)

Chinese Academy of Sciences¹

01 Oct 2014-Acta Biomaterialia

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of the art for the synthesis of CaP crystals with controlled sizes from the nano- to the macroscale, and the diverse shapes including the zero-dimensional shapes of particles and spheres, the one- dimensional shapes of rods, fibers, wires and whiskers, the two-dimensionalshape of sheets, disks, plates, belts, ribbons and flakes and the three-dimensional shape of porous, hollow, and biomimetic structures similar to biological bone and tooth.

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339 citations

Cites background or methods from "Instant nano-hydroxyapatite: a cont..."

...A novel continuous and rapid hydrothermal method was applied to instantly synthesize HAp nanoparticles in a few seconds via reaction of the superheated Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)3PO4 aqueous solutions (up to 400 oC and at 24 MPa) [233]....
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...Hydrothermal method Particle ACP, β-TCP, HAp Nano Rapid synthesis, NSD, well dispersion Small-scale [233, 352]...
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...[233] Chaudhry AA, Haque S, Kellici S, Boldrin P, Rehman I, Khalid FA, et al....
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...A novel continuous and rapid hydrothermal method was applied to instantly synthesize HAp nanoparticles in a few seconds via reaction of the superheated Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)3PO4 aqueous solutions (up to 400 C and at 24 MPa) [233]....
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...Shape CaPs type Size Dry method Mechanochemical method Partilce α-TCP, β-TCP, HAp Nano to micron (usually micron) Low cost, large-scale Serious aggregation [230] Wet chemical method Chemical precipitation method Particle OCP, ACP, β-TCP, HAp Nano Rapid synthesis, low cost, large-scale, well dispersion Usually result in low crystallinity, special reagent & solvent are usually needed [16, 103, 106-108, 111, 222, 223, 232, 241, 347-351, 353, 355] Gravity assistant precipitation method Particle HAp Nano to submicron Large-scale, NSD, size regulable by rotation speed Special equipment needed [144] Sol-gel method Particle ACP, β-TCP, HAp, Nano NSD Serious aggregation, high cost, usually needs special [91, 94, 231] mixed CaPs reagents Microemulsion Particle ACP, β-TCP, HAp Nano NSD, well dispersion High cost, large amounts of surfactant and organic solvent needed [149, 211, 213, 224] Biomineralization Particle ACP, HAp Nano to micro Imitating the matrix-mediated biomineralization process Usually in little-scale, high cost [225] Hydrothermal method Particle ACP, β-TCP, HAp Nano Rapid synthesis, NSD, well dispersion Small-scale [233, 352] Microwave assistant precipitation method Particle ACP, β-TCP, HAp Nano Rapid synthesis, high-yielding Small-scale [159, 173, 185] Microwave-hydrotherm al method Particle HAp Nano Rapid synthesis, high-yielding Small-scale [354] Precursor transformation Prticle HAp Nano to micron Size & chemical composition regulable Multi-steps needed [40, 137] High temperat ure methods Combustion or flame synthesis Particle β-TCP, HAp, mixed CaPs Nano Rapid synthesis, low cost WSD, low-yielding, serious aggregation, high energy consumption [203, 354] Spray-drying and flame-spray method Partilce β-TCP, HAp, mixed CaPs Submicron to hundreds of microns Rapid synthesis, large-scale, usually resulted in spheic structure Difficult to obtain nano-size product, high energy consumption [200-202] Table 5....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates in Biomedical Engineering, Biology and Medicine

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Sergey V. Dorozhkin

27 Nov 2009-Materials

TL;DR: The application and prospective use of nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates for a clinical repair of damaged bones and teeth are also known as discussed by the authors, starting from the synthesis and characterization to biomedical and clinical applications.

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Abstract: Recent developments in biomineralization have already demonstrated that nanosized particles play an important role in the formation of hard tissues of animals. Namely, the basic inorganic building blocks of bones and teeth of mammals are nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates (in the form of apatites) of a biological origin. In mammals, tens to hundreds nanocrystals of a biological apatite were found to be combined into self-assembled structures under the control of various bioorganic matrixes. In addition, the structures of both dental enamel and bones could be mimicked by an oriented aggregation of nanosized calcium orthophosphates, determined by the biomolecules. The application and prospective use of nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates for a clinical repair of damaged bones and teeth are also known. For example, a greater viability and a better proliferation of various types of cells were detected on smaller crystals of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, the nanodimensional and nanocrystalline forms of calcium orthophosphates have a great potential to revolutionize the field of hard tissue engineering starting from bone repair and augmentation to the controlled drug delivery devices. This paper reviews current state of knowledge and recent developments of this subject starting from the synthesis and characterization to biomedical and clinical applications. More to the point, this review provides possible directions of future research and development.

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239 citations

Cites methods from "Instant nano-hydroxyapatite: a cont..."

...Furthermore, crystalline and phase pure nanosized HA and CDHA were synthesized in a continuous hydrothermal flow system using supercritical water at t < 400 oC and 24 MPa pressure [307]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Progress on the preparation of nanocrystalline apatites and surface characterization: Overview of fundamental and applied aspects

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Jaime Gómez-Morales¹, Michele Iafisco², Michele Iafisco³, José Manuel Delgado-López¹, Stéphanie Sarda⁴, Christophe Drouet⁴ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (4)

Spanish National Research Council¹, University of Bologna², University of Eastern Piedmont³, University of Toulouse⁴

01 Mar 2013-Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the physicico-chemical and behavioral differences between nanocrystalline apatites (whether of biological origin or their synthetic biomimetic analogs) and stoichiometric hydroxyapatite is presented.

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221 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Solid State Ionics

[...]

Robert A. Huggins¹•Institutions (1)

Stanford University¹

01 Sep 1989-Mrs Bulletin

TL;DR: The main feature of this area of science and emerging technology is the rapid transport of atomic or ionic species within solids, and various phenomena, of both scientific and technological interest, that are related to it as discussed by the authors.

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Abstract: This issue of the MRS BULLETIN contains three articles relating to the general field that has come to be known as Solid State Ionics. The central feature of this area of science and emerging technology is the rapid transport of atomic or ionic species within solids, and the various phenomena, of both scientific and technological interest, that are related to it.Attention to this area has grown greatly in recent years because of the rapidly increasing recognition of the possibility of a wide range of interesting technological applications. One example already widespread is the use of an oxygen-conducting solid electrolyte as the critical element in the oxygen sensors installed in the exhaust systems of almost all current automobiles to reduce deleterious emissions and improve the efficiency of the combustion process.Work is under way in a number of other directions, including static and dynamic chemical sensors, solid state electrochemical reactors, low impedance selective atomic filters, new concepts for the direct conversion of heat to electricity by the use of sodium- or hydrogen-transporting cycles, a novel method for the low cost electrolysis of water at intermediate temperatures, batteries that can store greatly increased amounts of energy, ion exchange materials, solid state laser hosts, high efficiency fuel cells, electrochromic materials and configurations for both optical displays and “smart windows,” advanced catalysts, atomic reservoirs and pumps, high temperature superconductors, and possibly solid state fusion hosts.Despite this recent attention, however, it is worth noting that interest in solids in which ionic species can move with unusual rapidity is actually not new at all. As early as 1839, Michael Faraday reported measurements on several materials that showed an unusual increase in electrical conductivity at elevated temperatures, contrary to that found in normal metals.

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2,249 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite crystals: A review study on the analytical methods

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Sotirios Koutsopoulos¹•Institutions (1)

University of Patras¹

15 Dec 2002-Journal of Biomedical Materials Research

TL;DR: From the experimental processes and the characterization of the crystals it was concluded that aging and precipitation kinetics are critical for the purity of the product and its crystallographic characteristics.

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Abstract: For the synthesis of hydroxyapatite crystals from aqueous solutions three preparation methods were employed. From the experimental processes and the characterization of the crystals it was concluded that aging and precipitation kinetics are critical for the purity of the product and its crystallographic characteristics. The authentication details are presented along with the results from infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron photographs, and chemical analysis. Analytical data for several calcium phosphates were collected from the literature, extensively reviewed, and the results were grouped and presented in tables to provide comparison with the data obtained here.

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1,425 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Structure and mechanical quality of the collagen–mineral nano-composite in bone

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Peter Fratzl¹, Himadri S. Gupta¹, Eleftherios P. Paschalis, Paul Roschger•Institutions (1)

Max Planck Society¹

14 Jul 2004-Journal of Materials Chemistry

TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of the organic matrix as well as the geometrical arrangement of the two components might have a much larger influence on the properties than traditionally assumed, and some recent results from experiment and numerical modeling leading to these ideas are reviewed.

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Abstract: Bone is a hierarchically structured material with remarkable mechanical performance which may serve as a model for the development of biomimetic materials. Understanding its properties is essential for the assessment of diseases such as osteoporosis. This will lead to a critical evaluation of current therapies and aid in their more targeted development. While the full hierarchical structure of bone is extremely complex and variable, its basic building block, the mineralized collagen fibril, is rather universal. Due to the progress in experimental methods to characterize materials at the nanoscale, new insights have been gained into the structure/mechanical function relation in this nanocomposite. The amount of mineral is usually thought to determine the stiffness of the material, but recent results suggest that the properties of the organic matrix as well as the geometrical arrangement of the two components might have a much larger influence on the properties than traditionally assumed. Some recent results from experiment and numerical modeling leading to these ideas are reviewed.

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1,128 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Carbonated hydroxyapatite as bone substitute

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Elena Landi, G. Celotti, Giandomenico Logroscino¹, Anna Tampieri•Institutions (1)

Catholic University of the Sacred Heart¹

01 Jan 2003-Journal of The European Ceramic Society

TL;DR: In this paper, B-carbonateapatite (CHA) powder was synthesized starting from calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen carbonate.

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Abstract: B-carbonateapatite (CHA) powder was synthesized starting from calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. The powder was fully characterized in terms of phase purity, stoichiometry, morphology, specific surface area and particle size distribution. The thermal stability of the powder in air and CO 2 atmosphere also was evaluated by thermal analysis. Electroacoustic analysis of the water based suspension of the CHA powder was used to determine the stability of the slurry. Porous bodies of CHA were prepared by impregnation of cellulose sponges with a proper slurry of the powder and optimizing the subsequent sintering. The fired samples were characterized in terms of phase purity and carbonate content, microstructure and pore size distribution. The compressive strength also was evaluated, resulting in 6.0±0.5 MPa. First results of in vivo tests on New Zealand White rabbits showed good biocompatibility and osteointegration of the CHA implant, with higher osteoconductive properties and earlier bioresorption, compared to HA samples, used as control.

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493 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Influence of temperature, ripening time and calcination on the morphology and crystallinity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

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Yongxin Pang¹, Xujin Bao¹•Institutions (1)

Loughborough University¹

01 Sep 2003-Journal of The European Ceramic Society

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of temperature, ripening time and calcination on the crystallinity and morphology of nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) particles was investigated.

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Abstract: Nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were prepared by chemical precipitation through aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and ammonium hydrogenphosphate. The influence of temperature, ripening time and calcination on the crystallinity and morphology of the HA nanoparticles were investigated. It was found that the crystallinity and crystallite size increased with the increase of synthetic temperature and ripening time. XRD and TEM results showed that the morphology change of HA nanoparticles was related to their crystallinity. High crystallinity of HA led to regular shape and smooth surface of the nanoparticles. The crystallinity of HA powders increased greatly after calcination at 650 °C for 6 h but the change of the crystallite size after calcination was dependent on the crystallinity and crystallite size of “as prepared” HA nanoparticles.

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409 citations