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Dissertation

Integral transforms and their applications

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between these transforms and their properties was discussed and some important applications in physics and engineering were given, as well as their properties and applications in various domains.
Abstract: Integral transforms (Laplace, Fourier and Mellin) are introduced with their properties, the relationship between these transforms was discussed and some important applications in physics and engineering were given. ااااااا دقل مت ضارعتسإ ةساردو ل ةيلماكتلا تليوحتلا لك ، سلبل تلوحت نم روف ي ر نيليمو عم ةشقانم كلذكو ،اهنم لك صاوخ و صئاصخ ةقلعلا ةشقانم مت هذه نيب طبرلاو و ،تليوحتلا مت ميدقت تاقيبطتلا ضعب تليوحتلا هذهل ةمهملا يف تلاجم ءايزيفلا ةسدنهلاو.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new physical end-to-end (including the channel) model for molecular communication is introduced, which is related to a specific process involving particle exchanges, namely, particle emission, particle diffusion and particle reception.
Abstract: Molecular communication is a promising paradigm for nanoscale networks. The end-to-end (including the channel) models developed for classical wireless communication networks need to undergo a profound revision so that they can be applied for nanonetworks. Consequently, there is a need to develop new end-to-end (including the channel) models which can give new insights into the design of these nanoscale networks. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new physical end-to-end (including the channel) model for molecular communication. The new model is investigated by means of three modules, i.e., the transmitter, the signal propagation and the receiver. Each module is related to a specific process involving particle exchanges, namely, particle emission, particle diffusion and particle reception. The particle emission process involves the increase or decrease of the particle concentration rate in the environment according to a modulating input signal. The particle diffusion provides the propagation of particles from the transmitter to the receiver by means of the physics laws underlying particle diffusion in the space. The particle reception process is identified by the sensing of the particle concentration value at the receiver location. Numerical results are provided for three modules, as well as for the overall end-to-end model, in terms of normalized gain and delay as functions of the input frequency and of the transmission range.

549 citations


Cites background from "Integral transforms and their appli..."

  • ...The Transfer Function Fourier Transform [10] (TFFT) of the receiver module C̃(f) is:...

    [...]

  • ...where c̃R(f) and s̃R(f) are the Fourier transforms [10] of the particle concentration cR(t) at the receiver location and the system output signal sR(t), respectively....

    [...]

  • ...where Ṽin(f) and Ĩout(f) are the Fourier transforms [10] of...

    [...]

  • ...where Ĩin(f) and Ĩout(f) are the Fourier transforms [10] of the input voltage Iin(t) and output voltage Iout(t), respectively....

    [...]

  • ...Assuming that the receiver is located at the Cartesian coordinate x̄R, the particle concentration cR(t) at the receiver corresponds to the particle concentration c(x̄, t) in the space S at x̄ = x̄R: c(x̄, t)|x̄=x̄R = cR(t) → sR(t) (29) The Transfer Function Fourier Transform [10] (TFFT) of the receiver module C̃(f) is: C̃(f) = s̃R(f) c̃R(f) (30) where c̃R(f) and s̃R(f) are the Fourier transforms [10] of the particle concentration cR(t) at the receiver location and the system output signal sR(t), respectively....

    [...]

Posted Content
TL;DR: A detailed survey of Mittag-Leffler type functions can be found in this article, where the authors present a detailed account or rather a brief survey of the Mittag Leffler function, generalized Mittag leffler functions and their interesting and useful properties.
Abstract: Motivated essentially by the success of the applications of the Mittag-Leffler functions in many areas of science and engineering, the authors present in a unified manner, a detailed account or rather a brief survey of the Mittag- Leffler function, generalized Mittag-Leffler functions, Mittag-Leffler type functions, and their interesting and useful properties. Applications of Mittag-Leffler functions in certain areas of physical and applied sciences are also demonstrated. During the last two decades this function has come into prominence after about nine decades of its discovery by a Swedish mathematician G.M. Mittag-Leffler, due its vast potential of its applications in solving the problems of physical, biological, engineering and earth sciences etc. In this survey paper, nearly all types of Mittag-Leffler type functions existing in the literature are presented. An attempt is made to present nearly an exhaustive list of references concerning the Mittag-Leffler functions to make the reader familiar with the present trend of research in Mittag-Leffler type functions and their applications.

528 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objective of this paper is the analysis of the noise sources in diffusion-based MC using tools from signal processing, statistics and communication engineering to evaluate the capability of the stochastic model to express the diffusion- based noise sources represented by the physical model.
Abstract: Molecular communication (MC) is a promising bio-inspired paradigm, in which molecules are used to encode, transmit and receive information at the nanoscale. Very limited research has addressed the problem of modeling and analyzing the MC in nanonetworks. One of the main challenges in MC is the proper study and characterization of the noise sources. The objective of this paper is the analysis of the noise sources in diffusion-based MC using tools from signal processing, statistics and communication engineering. The reference diffusion-based MC system for this analysis is the physical end-to-end model introduced in a previous work by the same authors. The particle sampling noise and the particle counting noise are analyzed as the most relevant diffusion-based noise sources. The analysis of each noise source results in two types of models, namely, the physical model and the stochastic model. The physical model mathematically expresses the processes underlying the physics of the noise source. The stochastic model captures the noise source behavior through statistical parameters. The physical model results in block schemes, while the stochastic model results in the characterization of the noises using random processes. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the capability of the stochastic model to express the diffusion-based noise sources represented by the physical model.

344 citations


Cites background from "Integral transforms and their appli..."

  • ...The stochastic models are analyzed in terms of random processes, such as in (22) and (49), and their effects on the end-to-end model are expressed in terms of root mean square (RMS) perturbation of the noise on the signal, as in (31) and (65)....

    [...]

  • ...The particle sampling noise physical model is further detailed through (9), (10), (12), (13), (15), and (16), while the particle sampling noise physical model is detailed in (34), (35), (37), (38), (39), (40), (41), and (42)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A closed-form expression for the information capacity of an MC system based on the free diffusion of molecules, which is of primary importance to understand the performance of the MC paradigm.
Abstract: Molecular Communication (MC) is a communication paradigm based on the exchange of molecules. The implicit biocompatibility and nanoscale feasibility of MC make it a promising communication technology for nanonetworks. This paper provides a closed-form expression for the information capacity of an MC system based on the free diffusion of molecules, which is of primary importance to understand the performance of the MC paradigm. Unlike previous contributions, the provided capacity expression is independent from any coding scheme and takes into account the two main effects of the diffusion channel: the memory and the molecular noise. For this, the diffusion is decomposed into two processes, namely, the Fick's diffusion and the particle location displacement, which are analyzed as a cascade of two separate systems. The Fick's diffusion captures solely the channel memory, while the particle location displacement isolates the molecular noise. The MC capacity expression is obtained by combining the two systems as function of the diffusion coefficient, the temperature, the transmitter-receiver distance, the bandwidth of the transmitted signal, and the average transmitted power. Numerical results show that a few kilobits per second can be reached within a distance range of tenth of micrometer and for an average transmitted power around 1 pW.

295 citations


Cites background or methods from "Integral transforms and their appli..."

  • ...The transfer function Fourier transform [15] as function of the frequency of the Green’s function [24] of the Fick’s diffusion from (12) has the following expression:...

    [...]

  • ...where is the transfer function Fourier transform [15] as function of the frequency of the Green’s function [24] of the Fick’s diffusion, expressed by (12)....

    [...]

  • ...in bits, where is the received signal per time sample, multiplied by the maximum time sample rate in 1/sec given by the Shannon–Hartley theorem [15]:...

    [...]

  • ...of the particle distribution as the sum of the entropy per second of the transmitted signal and the integral of the transfer function Fourier transform [15] of the Green’s function [24] of the Fick’s diffusion in the portion of its frequency spectrum that is excited by the transmitted signal :...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study of novel optimization techniques for a more effective and less invasive drug delivery will be aided by this model, while paving the way for novel communication techniques for Intrabody communication networks.
Abstract: The goal of a drug delivery system (DDS) is to convey a drug where the medication is needed, while, at the same time, preventing the drug from affecting other healthy parts of the body. Drugs composed of micro- or nano-sized particles (particulate DDS) that are able to cross barriers which prevent large particles from escaping the bloodstream are used in the most advanced solutions. Molecular communication (MC) is used as an abstraction of the propagation of drug particles in the body. MC is a new paradigm in communication research where the exchange of information is achieved through the propagation of molecules. Here, the transmitter is the drug injection, the receiver is the drug delivery, and the channel is realized by the transport of drug particles, thus enabling the analysis and design of a particulate DDS using communication tools. This is achieved by modeling the MC channel as two separate contributions, namely, the cardiovascular network model and the drug propagation network. The cardiovascular network model allows to analytically compute the blood velocity profile in every location of the cardiovascular system given the flow input by the heart. The drug propagation network model allows the analytical expression of the drug delivery rate at the targeted site given the drug injection rate. Numerical results are also presented to assess the flexibility and accuracy of the developed model. The study of novel optimization techniques for a more effective and less invasive drug delivery will be aided by this model, while paving the way for novel communication techniques for Intrabody communication networks.

180 citations


Cites background from "Integral transforms and their appli..."

  • ...…network model is developed as a solution to the Navier–Stokes equation [12], which relates the blood velocity vector ul(r, t), function of the radial coordinate r and the time variable t, in every location of the cardiovascular system to the blood pressure p(t) as functions of the time t....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this survey paper, nearly all types of Mittag-Leffler type functions existing in the literature are presented and an attempt is made to present nearly an exhaustive list of references to make the reader familiar with the present trend of research in Mittag, Leffler, and type functions and their applications.
Abstract: Motivated essentially by the success of the applications of the Mittag-Leffler functions in many areas of science and engineering, the authors present, in a unified manner, a detailed account or rather a brief survey of the Mittag-Leffler function, generalized Mittag-Leffler functions, Mittag-Leffler type functions, and their interesting and useful properties. Applications of G. M. Mittag-Leffler functions in certain areas of physical and applied sciences are also demonstrated. During the last two decades this function has come into prominence after about nine decades of its discovery by a Swedish Mathematician Mittag-Leffler, due to the vast potential of its applications in solving the problems of physical, biological, engineering, and earth sciences, and so forth. In this survey paper, nearly all types of Mittag-Leffler type functions existing in the literature are presented. An attempt is made to present nearly an exhaustive list of references concerning the Mittag-Leffler functions to make the reader familiar with the present trend of research in Mittag-Leffler type functions and their applications.

661 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new physical end-to-end (including the channel) model for molecular communication is introduced, which is related to a specific process involving particle exchanges, namely, particle emission, particle diffusion and particle reception.
Abstract: Molecular communication is a promising paradigm for nanoscale networks. The end-to-end (including the channel) models developed for classical wireless communication networks need to undergo a profound revision so that they can be applied for nanonetworks. Consequently, there is a need to develop new end-to-end (including the channel) models which can give new insights into the design of these nanoscale networks. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new physical end-to-end (including the channel) model for molecular communication. The new model is investigated by means of three modules, i.e., the transmitter, the signal propagation and the receiver. Each module is related to a specific process involving particle exchanges, namely, particle emission, particle diffusion and particle reception. The particle emission process involves the increase or decrease of the particle concentration rate in the environment according to a modulating input signal. The particle diffusion provides the propagation of particles from the transmitter to the receiver by means of the physics laws underlying particle diffusion in the space. The particle reception process is identified by the sensing of the particle concentration value at the receiver location. Numerical results are provided for three modules, as well as for the overall end-to-end model, in terms of normalized gain and delay as functions of the input frequency and of the transmission range.

549 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objective of this paper is the analysis of the noise sources in diffusion-based MC using tools from signal processing, statistics and communication engineering to evaluate the capability of the stochastic model to express the diffusion- based noise sources represented by the physical model.
Abstract: Molecular communication (MC) is a promising bio-inspired paradigm, in which molecules are used to encode, transmit and receive information at the nanoscale. Very limited research has addressed the problem of modeling and analyzing the MC in nanonetworks. One of the main challenges in MC is the proper study and characterization of the noise sources. The objective of this paper is the analysis of the noise sources in diffusion-based MC using tools from signal processing, statistics and communication engineering. The reference diffusion-based MC system for this analysis is the physical end-to-end model introduced in a previous work by the same authors. The particle sampling noise and the particle counting noise are analyzed as the most relevant diffusion-based noise sources. The analysis of each noise source results in two types of models, namely, the physical model and the stochastic model. The physical model mathematically expresses the processes underlying the physics of the noise source. The stochastic model captures the noise source behavior through statistical parameters. The physical model results in block schemes, while the stochastic model results in the characterization of the noises using random processes. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the capability of the stochastic model to express the diffusion-based noise sources represented by the physical model.

344 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A closed-form expression for the information capacity of an MC system based on the free diffusion of molecules, which is of primary importance to understand the performance of the MC paradigm.
Abstract: Molecular Communication (MC) is a communication paradigm based on the exchange of molecules. The implicit biocompatibility and nanoscale feasibility of MC make it a promising communication technology for nanonetworks. This paper provides a closed-form expression for the information capacity of an MC system based on the free diffusion of molecules, which is of primary importance to understand the performance of the MC paradigm. Unlike previous contributions, the provided capacity expression is independent from any coding scheme and takes into account the two main effects of the diffusion channel: the memory and the molecular noise. For this, the diffusion is decomposed into two processes, namely, the Fick's diffusion and the particle location displacement, which are analyzed as a cascade of two separate systems. The Fick's diffusion captures solely the channel memory, while the particle location displacement isolates the molecular noise. The MC capacity expression is obtained by combining the two systems as function of the diffusion coefficient, the temperature, the transmitter-receiver distance, the bandwidth of the transmitted signal, and the average transmitted power. Numerical results show that a few kilobits per second can be reached within a distance range of tenth of micrometer and for an average transmitted power around 1 pW.

295 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study of novel optimization techniques for a more effective and less invasive drug delivery will be aided by this model, while paving the way for novel communication techniques for Intrabody communication networks.
Abstract: The goal of a drug delivery system (DDS) is to convey a drug where the medication is needed, while, at the same time, preventing the drug from affecting other healthy parts of the body. Drugs composed of micro- or nano-sized particles (particulate DDS) that are able to cross barriers which prevent large particles from escaping the bloodstream are used in the most advanced solutions. Molecular communication (MC) is used as an abstraction of the propagation of drug particles in the body. MC is a new paradigm in communication research where the exchange of information is achieved through the propagation of molecules. Here, the transmitter is the drug injection, the receiver is the drug delivery, and the channel is realized by the transport of drug particles, thus enabling the analysis and design of a particulate DDS using communication tools. This is achieved by modeling the MC channel as two separate contributions, namely, the cardiovascular network model and the drug propagation network. The cardiovascular network model allows to analytically compute the blood velocity profile in every location of the cardiovascular system given the flow input by the heart. The drug propagation network model allows the analytical expression of the drug delivery rate at the targeted site given the drug injection rate. Numerical results are also presented to assess the flexibility and accuracy of the developed model. The study of novel optimization techniques for a more effective and less invasive drug delivery will be aided by this model, while paving the way for novel communication techniques for Intrabody communication networks.

180 citations