Book•
Integrated optics, theory and technology
01 Jan 1982-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explain the physics of how devices work and how they can be used in various applications as the field of optoelectronics has progressed from microphotonics to nanophotonics Illustrations and references from technical journals have been used to demonstrate the relevance of the theory to current important topics in industry.
Abstract: Integrated Optics explains the subject of optoelectronic devices and their use in integrated optics and fiber optic systems The approach taken is to emphasize the physics of how devices work and how they can be (and have been) used in various applications as the field of optoelectronics has progressed from microphotonics to nanophotonics Illustrations and references from technical journals have been used to demonstrate the relevance of the theory to currently important topics in industry By reading this book, scientists, engineers, students and engineering managers can obtain an overall view of the theory and the most recent technology in Integrated Optics
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the family of optoelectronic devices whose performance is enhanced by placing the active device structure inside a Fabry-Perot resonantmicrocavity.
Abstract: We review the family of optoelectronic devices whose performance is enhanced by placing the active device structure inside a Fabry‐Perot resonantmicrocavity. Such resonantcavity enhanced (RCE) devices benefit from the wavelength selectivity and the large increase of the resonant optical field introduced by the cavity. The increased optical field allows RCE photodetector structures to be thinner and therefore faster, while simultaneously increasing the quantum efficiency at the resonant wavelengths. Off‐resonance wavelengths are rejected by the cavity making RCE photodetectors promising for low crosstalk wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) applications. RCE optical modulators require fewer quantum wells so are capable of reduced voltage operation. The spontaneous emission spectrum of RCE light emitting diodes(LED) is drastically altered, improving the spectral purity and directivity. RCE devices are also highly suitable for integrated detectors and emitters with applications as in optical logic and in communication networks. This review attempts an encyclopedic overview of RCE photonicdevices and systems. Considerable attention is devoted to the theoretical formulation and calculation of important RCE device parameters. Materials criteria are outlined and the suitability of common heteroepitaxial systems for RCE devices is examined. Arguments for the improved bandwidth in RCE detectors are presented intuitively, and results from advanced numerical simulations confirming the simple model are provided. An overview of experimental results on discrete RCE photodiodes, phototransistors, modulators, and LEDs is given. Work aimed at integrated RCE devices,optical logic and WDM systems is also covered. We conclude by speculating what remains to be accomplished to implement a practical RCE WDM system.
668 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report design, fabrication, and characterization of thermo-optic Mach-Zender interferometric modulators and directional-coupler switches whose operation utilizes the long-range surface-plasmon-polariton waveguiding along 15nm-thin and 8μm-wide gold stripes embedded in polymer and heated by electrical signal currents.
Abstract: We report design, fabrication, and characterization of thermo-optic Mach–Zender interferometric modulators and directional-coupler switches whose operation utilizes the long-range surface-plasmon-polariton waveguiding along 15-nm-thin and 8-μm-wide gold stripes embedded in polymer and heated by electrical signal currents. The devices are characterized at the light wavelength of 1.55 μm, featuring low driving powers ( 30dB), moderate response times (∼1ms), and the total (fiber-to-fiber) insertion loss of ∼13dB (for modulators) and ∼11dB (for switches) when using single-mode fibers.
616 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the first polarization-transparent add-drop filter from polarization-sensitive microring resonators is presented, which shows almost complete elimination of polarization sensitivity over the 60nm bandwidth measured, while maintaining outstanding filter performance.
Abstract: Microphotonic structures that strongly confine light, such as photonic crystals and micron-sized resonators, have unique characteristics that could radically advance technology1,2,3,4,5,6. However, such devices cannot be used in most applications because of their inherent polarization sensitivity; they respond differently to light polarized along different axes7,8,9. To take advantage of the distinctive properties of these structures, a general, integrated, broadband solution to their polarization sensitivity is needed. Here, we show the first demonstration of such a solution. It enables arbitrary, polarization-sensitive, strong-confinement (SC) microphotonic devices to be rendered insensitive (transparent) to the input polarization at all wavelengths of operation. To test our approach, we create the first polarization-transparent add–drop filter from polarization-sensitive microring resonators. It shows almost complete elimination of polarization sensitivity over the 60-nm bandwidth measured, while maintaining outstanding filter performance. This development is a milestone for SC microphotonics, allowing the applications of photonic-crystal and microring devices to several areas, including communications, spectroscopy and remote sensing.
541 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The basic concepts of solid state physics have been discussed in detail in this article, where the authors present a review of the main concepts of Solid State Physics and its applications in the literature.
Abstract: 1. Introduction.- 2. Introduction to Basic Concepts of Solid State Physics.- 3. Luminescence Phenomena.- 4. Cathodoluminescence.- 5. Cathodoluminescence Analysis Techniques.- 6. Applications.- 7. Semiconductors.- 8. Phosphors.- 9. Ceramics.- 10. Minerals.- 11. Future Developments.- Books on Solid State Physics.- Books on Optical Properties of Inorganic Solids.- Books Devoted to Scanning Electron Microscopy.- References.
530 citations
Cites background or methods from "Integrated optics, theory and techn..."
...where A, and A2 are constants, X is the distance of the beam impact point from the p-n junction, and L, is the minority carrier diffusion length. The second term was suggested by Wittry and Kyser (1965) to be due to infrared CL photons that reach the junctions and are absorbed there, producing electron-hole pairs that contribute to Icc....
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...This is used in MQW structures for the application of electric fields in order to modulate the optical properties of the layers, and to form metal strip-loaded optical waveguides (Hunsperger, 1982) and waveguides associated with the strain-induced variation in the refractive index produced underneath the edge of the metal stripes (Li Kam Wa et aI....
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TL;DR: A discussion is presented of the design and fabrication issues, illustrated by a number of recently demonstrated InP-based PICs.
Abstract: Semiconductor photonic integrated circuits (PICs) refer to that subset of optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) which focus primarily on the monolithic integration of optically interconnected guided-wave optoelectronic devices. The principal motivation for PIC research is the expected cost reduction and packaging robustness associated with replacing individually aligned, single-mode optical connections between discrete optoelectronic devices with lithographically produced integrated waveguides. This field has recently seen significant advances resulting from improved III-V epitaxial crystal growth and related processing techniques. A discussion is presented of the design and fabrication issues, illustrated by a number of recently demonstrated InP-based PICs. >
347 citations