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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Integrated physiology and systems biology of PPARα.

Sander Kersten
- 01 Jul 2014 - 
- Vol. 3, Iss: 4, pp 354-371
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TLDR
This review addresses the functional role of PPARα in intermediary metabolism and provides a detailed overview of metabolic genes targeted by PPAR α, with a focus on liver.
Abstract
The Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor alpha (PPARα) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in metabolic regulation. This review addresses the functional role of PPARα in intermediary metabolism and provides a detailed overview of metabolic genes targeted by PPARα, with a focus on liver. A distinction is made between the impact of PPARα on metabolism upon physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional activation. Low and high throughput gene expression analyses have allowed the creation of a comprehensive map illustrating the role of PPARα as master regulator of lipid metabolism via regulation of numerous genes. The map puts PPARα at the center of a regulatory hub impacting fatty acid uptake, fatty acid activation, intracellular fatty acid binding, mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, triglyceride turnover, lipid droplet biology, gluconeogenesis, and bile synthesis/secretion. In addition, PPARα governs the expression of several secreted proteins that exert local and endocrine functions.

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Citations
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Molecular Actions of PPARα in Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation.

TL;DR: The full potential of this nuclear receptor subtype as a versatile drug target with high plasticity becomes increasingly clear, and a novel generation of agonists may pave the way for novel fields of applications.
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Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in the developing and diseased heart

TL;DR: The regulatory circuitry and downstream events involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and its coordination with mitochondrial dynamics in developing and diseased hearts are described.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators

TL;DR: A member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors is cloned that is activated by a diverse class of rodent hepatocarcinogens that causes proliferation of peroxisomes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ

TL;DR: It is shown here that specific FAs, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic drugs are ligands for PPARα or PPARδ, and a novel conformation-based assay is developed that screens activators for their ability to bind to PPAR α/δ and induce DNA binding.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ

TL;DR: Evidence that PPARs serve as physiological sensors of lipid levels is provided and a molecular mechanism whereby dietary fatty acids can modulate lipid homeostasis is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files.

TL;DR: Some general principles that govern the actions of this class of bioactive lipids and their nuclear receptors are considered here, and the scheme that emerges reveals a complex molecular script at work.
Journal ArticleDOI

Roles of PPARs in health and disease.

TL;DR: The latest developments in the PPAR field are presented, with particular emphasis on the physiological function ofPPARs during various nutritional states, and the possible role of PPARs in several chronic diseases.
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