Integration of polymer microlens array at fiber bundle extremity by photopolymerization.
TL;DR: A novel route to directly integrate an array of microlenses at the extremity of an optical fiber bundle based on photopolymerization at the end of the fiber is presented.
Abstract: We present a novel route to directly integrate an array of microlenses at the extremity of an optical fiber bundle The method is based on photopolymerization at the end of the fiber The method is based on the control of exposure dose and volume of the deposited droplet of photopolymerizable formulation Optical properties of the integrated microlenses are discussed on the basis of FDTD calculations
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TL;DR: Infrared imaging of the structures reveals a tight focusing for both structures with a maximum local intensity increase by a factor of 2.5 for a concentrator volume of 1.5 λ3, slightly limited by the residual absorption of the selected polymer.
Abstract: We report on the realization of functional infrared light concentrators based on a thick layer of air-polymer metamaterial with controlled pore size gradients. The design features an optimum gradient index profile leading to light focusing in the Fresnel zone of the structures for two selected operating wavelength domains near 5.6 and 10.4 μm. The metamaterial which consists in a thick polymer containing air holes with diameters ranging from λ/20 to λ/8 is made using a 3D lithography technique based on the two-photon polymerization of a homemade photopolymer. Infrared imaging of the structures reveals a tight focusing for both structures with a maximum local intensity increase by a factor of 2.5 for a concentrator volume of 1.5 λ3, slightly limited by the residual absorption of the selected polymer. Such porous and flat metamaterial structures offer interesting perspectives to increase infrared detector performance at the pixel level for imaging or sensing applications.
30 citations
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of self-positioning nanoemitters onto optical waveguides by visible-light nanoscale photopolymerization was demonstrated, and a light-sensitive material containing nano-emitters was presented.
Abstract: In this article, we demonstrate the feasibility of self-positioning nanoemitters onto optical waveguides by visible-light nanoscale photopolymerization. A light-sensitive material containing nanoem...
21 citations
TL;DR: The ability to manufacture a reference tapered fiber lens with high symmetry at sub-wavelength scale with a wide range of geometry control is demonstrated, either for the length from several hundred nanometers to several hundred microns, or for the curvature radius on the endface of a single mode fiber.
Abstract: In numerous applications of optical scanning microscopy, a reference tapered fiber lens with high symmetry at sub-wavelength scale remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the ability to manufacture it with a wide range of geometry control, either for the length from several hundred nanometers to several hundred microns, or for the curvature radius from several tens of nanometers to several microns on the endface of a single mode fiber. On this basis, a scanning optical microscope has been developed, which allows for fast characterization of various sub-wavelength tapered fiber lenses. Focal position and depth of microlenses with different geometries have been determined to be ranged from several hundreds of nanometers to several microns. FDTD calculations are consistent with experimental results.
14 citations
Patent•
10 Apr 2012TL;DR: In this paper, the length of the paired WGs of the first and second WGAs of the multiple WGA of a linear configuration is not equal, and the lengths of the pair of WGs are not equal.
Abstract: A device for interferometric imaging may comprise multiple optical elements arranged in a linear configuration. The device may also comprise multiple waveguide arrays (WGAs) each WGA of the multiple WGAs may include one or more WGs. Some of the WGs of each WGA of the multiple WGAs may be optically coupled to an optical element of the multiple optical elements. Each WG of a first WGA of the multiple WGAs is coupled to a first optical element of the multiple optical elements and is paired with a WG of a second WGA of the multiple WGAs that is coupled to second optical element of the multiple optical elements. The lengths of the paired WGs of the first and second WGAs of the multiple WGAs are not equal.
10 citations
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01 Jan 1908
TL;DR: HAL as mentioned in this paper is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, which may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Épreuves réversibles donnant la sensation du relief G. Lippmann
806 citations
TL;DR: An incoherent optical data-processing method is described, which has the potential for performing discrete Fourier transforms of short length at rates far exceeding those afforded by both special-purpose digital hardware and representative coherent optical processors.
Abstract: An incoherent optical data-processing method is described, which has the potential for performing discrete Fourier transforms of short length at rates far exceeding those afforded by both special-purpose digital hardware and representative coherent optical processors.
375 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that it is possible to generate very small lenses by melting "islands" of photoresist on a glass substrate, and the authors have made lenses with diameters ranging from 5 mu m to 750 mu m in the form of spheres, cylinders and crossed cylinders.
Abstract: It has been shown that it is possible to to generate very small lenses by melting 'islands' of photoresist on a glass substrate. The authors have made lenses with diameters ranging from 5 mu m to 750 mu m in the form of spheres, cylinders and crossed cylinders and have studied their optical properties. Lenses with numerical apertures between 0.5 and 0.2 may be made close to diffraction limited but those of lower numerical aperture can only be achieved using more complex techniques.
364 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative and novel approach for fabricating microlens arrays that is based on the confinement of surface wrinkles was introduced. But the ability to control the size and arrangement of the microlenses through clever control of the geometric shape and material properties of the wrinkled regions was demonstrated.
Abstract: The ability to generate microlens arrays in a rapid and costeffective manner allows for the fabrication of a variety of inexpensive functional devices, such as optical refractive elements or smart surfaces that mimic the patterned surfaces in biological systems used to control solid and liquid adhesion. A variety of strategies have been adopted for fabricating microlens structures. In general, they can be broadly classified into three categories: 1) surface-tension-driven techniques consisting of melt-reflow and ink-jet printing; 2) imprinting methods; and 3) lithographic approaches such as grayscale photolithography or interference lithography. While these approaches demonstrate the ability to produce microlens arrays with uniform surface profiles, the techniques are either high-cost or require long fabrication times. In this paper, we introduce an alternative and novel approach for fabricating microlens arrays that is based on the confinement of surface wrinkles. We demonstrate the ability to control the size and the arrangement of the microlenses through clever control of the geometric shape and material properties of the wrinkled regions. Our approach offers several advantages over previous methodologies of microlens fabrication, including: 1) the ability to create microlens arrays rapidly; 2) ease of tuning the dimensions of the microlenses; and 3) versatility in the process that allows the formation of microlens arrays on nonplanar substrates. We demonstrate the flexibility of our approach in patterning nonplanar surfaces by patterning a hemispherical surface with an array of microlenses, thereby forming a compound lens (Fig. 1). To fabricate the microlens arrays, we modified our previously developed methodology for generating wrinkle-pattern surfaces (Fig. 2a). We began by selective ultraviolet/ ozone (UVO) oxidation of a crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film to convert specific regions of the PDMS surface into a silicate thin film. The chemical modification created the necessary elastic-moduli differences on the PDMS surface to allow us to control and define the wrinkle formation. Following the silicate formation, the surface was coated with photopolymerizable n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and then covered with a glass superstrate. The acrylate monomer swelled the PDMS surface globally, but the surface wrinkles occurred only in regions where the moduli mismatch existed—that is, in the oxidized PDMS regions. This selective UVO allowed for the control of the spatial distribution of the wrinkle patterns (Fig. 2b and c). The wrinkle patterns disappeared upon evaporation of the acrylate swelling agent; however, we stabilized these wrinkle structures through photopolymerization of the nBA. Finally, we lifted away the glass superstrate, which caused cohesive fracture of the polymerized poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) film. Due to the extreme interfacial moduli mismatch between the PnBA and silicate layers, the fracture path proceeded along the contours of the wrinkle surface. Hence, the microlens arrays were revealed upon removal of the glass superstrate (Fig. 2b). C O M M U N IC A TI O N
348 citations
TL;DR: The assembled system is the first spherical compound eye able to capture images and is evaluated by analyzing resolution and cross-talk between the single channels.
Abstract: A spherical artificial compound eye which is comprised of an imaging microlens array and a pinhole array in the focal plane serving as receptor matrix is fabricated. The arrays are patterned on separate spherical bulk lenses by means of a special modified laser lithography system which is capable of generating structures with low shape deviation on curved surfaces. Design considerations of the imaging system are presented as well as the characterization of the comprising elements on curved surfaces, with special attention to the homogeneity over the array. The assembled system is the first spherical compound eye able to capture images. It is evaluated by analyzing resolution and cross-talk between the single channels.
209 citations