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Journal ArticleDOI

Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature

01 Aug 2006-Technovation (Elsevier)-Vol. 26, Iss: 8, pp 895-931
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Text mining is used to transform patent documents into structured data to identify keyword vectors and principal component analysis is employed to reduce the numbers of keyword vectors to make suitable for use on a two-dimensional map.

386 citations


Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."

  • ...However, as the value of firms, particularly in the knowledge-intensive business service sector, is determined by the value of their intellectual property that can be represented and protected by patents (Hanel, 2006), more firms are trying to protect their service innovations (Bader, 2008)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that topological measures are beneficial in detecting branching innovation in the citation network of scientific publications.

293 citations


Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."

  • ...The intellectual property rights are becoming significant for the management of firms (Hanel, 2006; Storto, 2006; Bader, 2008)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate how knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) protect their inventions from imitation by rival firms when choosing among various protection mechanisms, including patents, registration of design patterns, trademarks, secrecy and lead-time advantages over competitors.

222 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined the pattern of international collaboration across countries in inventive activities using the information about inventors and assignees as defined by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

133 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a specific model of analysis, which includes various hypotheses to be tested in a sample of 258 Spanish manufacturing companies, and confirm that companies that mostly use explicit knowledge chose the patenting system as a defence mechanism, while those companies in which tacit type knowledge predominates tend to opt for industrial secret.

117 citations


Cites background or result from "Intellectual property rights busine..."

  • ...used by Spanish manufacturing companies, confirming the results obtained in the research of Harabi (1995) and Brouwer and Kleinknecht (1999)....

    [...]

  • ...of appropriating economic benefits from appropriation (Hanel, 2006)....

    [...]

  • ...In this sense, patents are increasingly perceived in many industrial sectors as being a rather ineffectual means of appropriating economic benefits from appropriation (Hanel, 2006)....

    [...]

References
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ReportDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.

5,075 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.

4,845 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public benefit as mentioned in this paper, however, the benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms.
Abstract: To HAVE the incentive to undertake research and development, a firm must be able to appropriate returns sufficient to make the investment worthwhile. The benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms. Patent law seeks to resolve this tension between incentives for innovation and widespread diffusion of benefits. A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public

3,653 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts, and found that simple patent counts are highly correlated with contemporaneous RD, however, the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
Abstract: The use ofpatents in economic research has been seriously hindered by the fact that patents vary enormously in their importance or value, and hence, simple patent counts cannot be informative about innovative output. The purpose of this article is to put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts. The empirical analysis of a particular innovation (Computed Tomography scanners) indeed shows a close association between citation-based patent indices and independent measures of the social value of innovations in that field. Moreover, the weighting scheme appears to be nonlinear (increasing) in the number of citations, implying that the informational content of citations rises at the margin. As in previous studies, simple patent counts are found to be highly correlated with contemporaneous RD however, here the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.

2,765 citations