Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
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TL;DR: In this article, an empirical taxonomy of patent strategies for SMEs is proposed based on a study of 238 innovative SMEs in Taiwan, which identifies five categories of patent strategy by using cluster analysis.
16 citations
Cites background or result from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...Such studies place relatively little emphasis on identifying strategic configurations and taxonomies, and have mainly focused on large firms (Granstrand, 1999; Rivette and Kline, 2000a, 2000b; Hanel, 2006)....
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...This finding is consistent with that of Cohen et al. (2002) and Hanel (2006)....
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...These results are the same as those of previous research (Hanel, 2006; Cohen, 2010; Cohen et al., 2002; Jensen and Webster, 2006)....
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TL;DR: This study compares the financial performance of business method patent owners to the performance of their nearest competitors and industries and helps to demarcate important issues for future research.
Abstract: Business method patents provide legal protection for the patent owner as well as other possible advantages, but for the most part IS academicians have not examined their effects. In an effort to understand the potential for business method patents to create competitive advantage, this study compares the financial performance of business method patent owners to the performance of their nearest competitors and industries. Although limited in its findings, this study helps to demarcate important issues for future research.
15 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...Other studies have found that patents can also increase the market value of a firm (for a summary see Hanel, 2006)....
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TL;DR: The operational solutions adopted by the semiconductor manufacturer STMicroelectronics to successfully accomplish an IP strategy shift are examined, which shows how the implementation of the new strategic approach required a stricter cross-functional integration between IP and R&D.
Abstract: The implementation of a change in IP strategy represents a challenging task for firms, because organizational resources and capabilities (procedures, routines, and know-how) that are required in the new strategic context may be lacking. This article examines the operational solutions adopted by the semiconductor manufacturer STMicroelectronics to successfully accomplish an IP strategy shift. It shows how the implementation of the new strategic approach required a stricter cross-functional integration between IP and R&D through the arrangement of cross-functional teams, the development of proper IP management procedures, and the diffusion of an IP culture throughout the organization.
15 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...Although some scholars and industry representatives have called for extensive reform of the patent system,(2) the patent propensity of firms has radically increased in several industries and countries over the last fewdecades,(3) and the realmand the scope ofwhat can be patented have been expanded.(4) The effectivemanagement of IP and the pursuit of appropriate IP strategies have thus become key managerial concerns, because they are directly connected to a firm’s ability to create and sustain a competitive advantage....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe findings from a multiple case study about the innovation management challenges of a system integrator whose operation is characterized by a high demand of innovation and whose focus of integration capabilities is, accordingly, changing from component assembly to knowledge integration.
Abstract: The paper describes findings from a multiple case study about the innovation management challenges of a system integrator (SI) whose operation is characterized by a high demand of innovation and whose focus of integration capabilities is, accordingly, changing from component assembly to knowledge integration. The study involved six diverse case firms, and it applied the methodology of qualitative research. Innovation networks orchestrated by the SI were categorized, according to the way in which knowledge and intellectual property (IP) were explored and exploited in the network, to sourcing (transaction) and co-creation types of networks. The research question of the study was, what aspects of sourcing networks and of co-creation networks support or hinder networked innovation from the viewpoint of a SI and innovation management? After iteratively addressing the lessons learned from literature and empirical case findings, sets of supporting and hindering aspects were presented as implications of the study.
15 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...It is well known that there are sectoral differences in the innovation patterns of firms (Tidd et al, 1997) as well as in the patenting and licensing activities of the firms (Hagedoorn, 2003, Hanel, 2006)....
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01 Jul 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of academic literature on the relationship between IPRs and innovation policy and identify three types of relationships between IP and innovation: institutional reform, IPR management support, and incidental, unintended impacts on the effects of innovation policy.
Abstract: Executive SummaryBackground ? The existing body of work on innovation policy seemed to have failed to adequately address the role of intellectual property in innovation policy making. For that reason, the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research of the University of Manchester was requested by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to undertake a review of academic literature since 2000 to synthesise how intellectual property rights (IPRs) are taken into account in innovation policy making and how they interact with the implementation and effects of major innovation policy instruments.Objective ? Document academic thinking on the subject in the last 15 years or so and, on that basis, draw conclusions for future work in this area.Findings include ?? While the literature on the relationship between IPRs and innovation is enormous, the literature that focuses explicitly on the link of IPR to innovation policy and its many different instruments is very limited.? Three types of relationships between IPRs and innovation policy were identified: (1) institutional reform, whereby IPR reforms have been implemented with a view to enhance innovation and commercialisation, for example the Bayh-Dole Act, (2) instrumental use of IPRs as a deliberate component of the design of innovation policy instruments, for example the so-called Patent Box, and, most common, (3) incidental, unintended impacts of IPRs on the effects of innovation policy.? Such incidental impacts were in the areas of IPR management support, IPR and public procurement and in improving the interaction and connectivity between actors in the innovation system.Recommendations to WIPO -1. Contribute to a more balanced view of the organisational conditions needed to enhance innovation and commercialisation activities in universities, rather than take the positive effect of university ownership of patents for granted.2. Support further a better understanding of the Patent Box as an innovation policy instrument, as this is a policy approach that is more and more common across the OECD world but still not fully understood in its implications on innovation and competition between locations.3. Support and build up capacity of SME intermediaries as to IPR management and legal issues as well as on how to use IPR databases for technology searches.4. Support Member States in understanding the importance of IPR especially for public procurement policy.5. Ensure that IP administrations in Member States are aware of the role of IPR in innovation policy measures aimed at connectivity and that policy measures to support connectivity, cluster and network policies, R&D collaboration policies, and open innovation policies will need to include explicit guidance as to the use of IP in their design and implementation.6. Finally, work towards better capabilities and awareness on both sides of the divide between IPR policy and innovation policy. Innovation policy makers must be supported in their understanding of the operational detail of IPRs helping them to understand how the features and practices of IPR interact with the performance ofinnovation policy measures. Those responsible for supporting IPR regimes and practices throughout the world, especially in developing countries with their need to attract foreign competencies and move from imitation to innovation, need to realise how important strong IPR regimes and their appropriate use for innovation policy are.
15 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...On the other hand Hanel (2006) and Gallini (2002) point out the more problematic role of IPRs within innovation networks....
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...As Hanel (2006) states, these two factors would hamper informal networking and openness between the younger and perhaps more innovative firms (which are more agile in their nature) and stronger firms and therefore should be considered as a negative effect of too strong IPRs system on networking…...
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
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4,944 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
4,845 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public benefit as mentioned in this paper, however, the benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms.
Abstract: To HAVE the incentive to undertake research and development, a firm must be able to appropriate returns sufficient to make the investment worthwhile. The benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms. Patent law seeks to resolve this tension between incentives for innovation and widespread diffusion of benefits. A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public
3,653 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts, and found that simple patent counts are highly correlated with contemporaneous RD, however, the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
Abstract: The use ofpatents in economic research has been seriously hindered by the fact that patents vary enormously in their importance or value, and hence, simple patent counts cannot be informative about innovative output. The purpose of this article is to put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts. The empirical analysis of a particular innovation (Computed Tomography scanners) indeed shows a close association between citation-based patent indices and independent measures of the social value of innovations in that field. Moreover, the weighting scheme appears to be nonlinear (increasing) in the number of citations, implying that the informational content of citations rises at the margin. As in previous studies, simple patent counts are found to be highly correlated with contemporaneous RD however, here the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
2,765 citations