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Journal ArticleDOI

Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature

01 Aug 2006-Technovation (Elsevier)-Vol. 26, Iss: 8, pp 895-931
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of external patent attorneys has an effect on patent scope, international scope, and patenting speed, while the level of in-house firm experience has a negative impact on most patent dimensions.
Abstract: Purpose In the intellectual property (IP) and management literature, the question of how external patent attorneys impact patent filings has been understudied. The purpose of this paper is to advance this area of research by examining how the use of external patent attorneys influences the patent filing strategies of firms and what impact firms’ level of experience with the exclusive use of in-house resources has on filing strategies. This study, thus, provides insights into the strategic dimension behind patent filing, a process which is affected by patent attorneys’ work and decision-making processes. Design/methodology/approach The econometric analysis is based on a patent database of 922,553 patents which is combined with an EPO patent database covering applications from 1990 to 2010. The authors test the hypotheses for this study using patent indicators addressing the impact of in-house firm experience vs the use of external patent attorneys on firm’s filing strategy. Findings This research finds empirical evidence that external patent attorneys’ work has an effect on patent scope, international scope, and patenting speed. Moreover, it can be shown that external patent attorneys have a positive impact on most filing dimensions, such as patent scope, international scope and the Patent Cooperation Treaty option, whereas the level of in-house firm experience has a negative impact on most filing dimensions. This implies that external patent attorneys seem to pursue a “maximization approach” while experienced firms seem to pursue a more differentiated approach to filing patents, for instance, drafting narrower and more focused patents. Practical implications The study suggests that effective filing strategies require an integrated approach between diverse IP stakeholders. More particularly, filing strategies should be communicated and aligned between all actors, including external patent attorneys in order to achieve the targeted patenting output. Originality/value The current study develops a patent filing typology, which accounts for patent attorneys’ decision options. In providing insights into patent attorneys’ work and their impacts on intellectual property rights management, the study is a useful complement to prior research, which has predominantly focused on applicants or examiners.

13 citations

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Vinnova och Patent- och registreringsverket (PRV) har av regeringen fatt i uppdrag att bidra till en forstarkt kunskapsutveckling, det vill saga forskning, om sambandet mellan immateriella tillgangar, innovation och ekonomisk tillvaxt och nyttjandet av patentinformation som strategiskt verktyg as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Investeringar i immateriella tillgangar star idag for en betydande del av foretags tillgangar, och hanteringen av dem ar en viktig del i organisationernas arbete med att starka sin konkurrenskraft. Pa samhallsniva star dessa investeringar for en okande andel av de totala investeringarna i ekonomin och ar darmed ar en avgorande faktor for fortsatt ekonomisk tillvaxt och valstand. Vinnova och Patent- och registreringsverket (PRV) har av regeringen fatt i uppdrag att bidra till en forstarkt kunskapsutveckling, det vill saga forskning, om sambandet mellan immateriella tillgangar, innovation och ekonomisk tillvaxt och nyttjandet av patentinformation som strategiskt verktyg. Med syftet att fa fram en bild av kunskapslaget, och for att identifiera behov av ytterligare forskning, finansierade Vinnova under 2016 tva kunskapsoversikter: Management av immateriella tillgangar som adresserar kunskap om samband pa organisationsniva och ger en oversikt av forskning kring hur management av immateriella tillgangar framtagna i innovationsprocesser bidrar till konkurrenskraft. Immateriella tillgangar, innovationer och ekonomisk tillvaxt/valstand pa makroniva avser som titeln antyder kunskapslaget kring dessa samband pa samhallsniva.

13 citations


Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."

  • ...Portföljerna används som förhandlingsargument vid korslicensieringar och genererar royaltyintäkter (Hanel 2006)....

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  • ...…till flera som nämns ovan, såsom ekosystem, affärsmodeller, öppen innovation, universitets-licensiering, etcetera Även om det finns en hel del litteratur relaterat till prissättning av licenser, och fördelning av värde mer generellt, så återstår mycket att göra (Hanel 2006, Holgersson 2012)....

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  • ...Detta är bland annat relaterat till bokföring och pantsättning av immateriella tillgångar, vilket Hanel (2006) tar upp som ytterligare två områden....

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  • ...Baders litteraturkapitel tar upp mycket av den litteratur som även Hanel (2006) går igenom....

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  • ...Den kraftigt ökande patenteringen har givetvis ett antal ekonomiska och policy-relaterade implikationer, såsom huruvida den gynnar eller hämmar innovation, konkurrens och välfärd, vilket Hanel (2006) berör....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose an approach that enables large corporations to scrutinize their portfolio of (patented) technologies and to subsequently set up royalty rate values to support the negotiation process of a particular technology.

12 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the question whether or not different types of firms tend to protect their innovations with varying mechanisms against the background of the Expected-Utility Theory (EU-Theory).
Abstract: The present article examines the question whether or not different types of firms tend to protect their innovations with varying mechanisms. Against the background of the Expected-Utility Theory (EU-Theory), firms are differentiated by their size, technological field and their degree of internationalization. According to the EU-Theory modelling, it is hypothesized that large, high-tech and strongly internationalized firms show a stronger tendency to use formal instruments, e.g. patents, to protect their innovations, whereas small and medium-sized (SME), low-tech and weakly internationalized companies fol-low the strategy of protecting their innovations with informal instruments, e.g. secrecy, to maximize their expected utility. A twofold approach is followed to analyze the theoretical model. For the empirical testing a large-scale survey about 540 records of patenting companies in Germany is used. Differences in attitudes towards protection mechanisms and differences in the actual IPR-management behavior between firms are analyzed. The results show that the attitudes towards protecting innovative achievements only differ slightly by firm type. Large differences can be revealed on the behavioral level which, together with other findings, leads to the conclusion that mostly SMEs are forced to use certain protection mechanisms to keep pace with large companies and technological precursors in fast growing markets.

12 citations


Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."

  • ...First, the application for a patent and the associated search for information are significant cost factors, especially because the costs to apply for patents in foreign countries are very high (Hanel 2006)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the level of similarity between Intellectual Property Management (IPM) practices by Braskem S.A. and the practices suggested by the literature in terms of strategic orientation.
Abstract: The objective of this case study is to identify the level of similarity between Intellectual Property Management (IPM) practices by Braskem S.A and the practices suggested by the literature in terms of strategic orientation. There is a lack of studies on IPM company practices, as studies instead focus primarily on countries, regions and sectors, using economic approaches and secondary data. We argue that IP management (IPM) can aggregate value to the business if it is aligned with firms' competitive strategies. This focuses the discussion on the operational and strategic dimensions of IPM in particular companies, taking their competitive strategies as references. Interviews with key-informers, document and IPM database analyses were carried out. We verified that there are no formally adopted policies for IPM, however a few guidelines and norms do exist. Structures dedicated to IPM are geographically centralized in Triunfo (RS), while activities are decentralized into the technology, marketing and legal advice sectors. Intellectual property asset values are not calculated. Braskem S.A. IPM practices are aligned with its business strategy and are influenced by its market structure, only partially matching the recommendations found in the literature review.

12 citations


Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."

  • ...Embora não identificados nas buscas antes citadas, mas integrando a base Science Direct, Pitkethly (2001) faz escrutínio das estratégias de PI em empresas japonesas e do Reino Unido, enquanto Hanel (2006) revisa bibliografia sobre práticas de gestão de direitos de propriedade intelectual....

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  • ...Apesar dessas mudanças, estudos focando a gestão de PI (organização, tamanho, recursos humanos) são menos frequentes do que aqueles dirigidos para sua utilização e efetividade (Hanel, 2006)....

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  • ...Não foram identificadas práticas de valoração de ativos de PI, as quais compõem a gestão estratégica de PI (Hanel, 2006)....

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  • ...Em resumo, a Braskem S.A. obtém benefícios indiretos da exploração econômica de seus ativos, uma vez que privilegia ganhos associados ao lançamento de inovações no mercado (Hanel, 2006; Pitkethly, 2001)....

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  • ...…que são emitidos trimestralmente para área de poliolefinas; e, semestralmente, para vinílicos, além da emissão de relatórios quinzenais com informações nacionais, a partir da Revista de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), e envio às áreas interessadas (Chamas, 2003; Hanel, 2006; Pitkethly, 2001)....

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References
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ReportDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.

5,075 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.

4,845 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public benefit as mentioned in this paper, however, the benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms.
Abstract: To HAVE the incentive to undertake research and development, a firm must be able to appropriate returns sufficient to make the investment worthwhile. The benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms. Patent law seeks to resolve this tension between incentives for innovation and widespread diffusion of benefits. A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public

3,653 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts, and found that simple patent counts are highly correlated with contemporaneous RD, however, the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
Abstract: The use ofpatents in economic research has been seriously hindered by the fact that patents vary enormously in their importance or value, and hence, simple patent counts cannot be informative about innovative output. The purpose of this article is to put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts. The empirical analysis of a particular innovation (Computed Tomography scanners) indeed shows a close association between citation-based patent indices and independent measures of the social value of innovations in that field. Moreover, the weighting scheme appears to be nonlinear (increasing) in the number of citations, implying that the informational content of citations rises at the margin. As in previous studies, simple patent counts are found to be highly correlated with contemporaneous RD however, here the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.

2,765 citations