Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a strategic indicators-based system of IP for a small efficiency-driven economy in the Baltic States, which includes qualitative and quantitative indicators at the state as well as university and company level.
Abstract: The strategies of the European Union and its Member States suppose that intellectual property (IP) created as the result of R&D is the engine of economic growth and welfare in society. Studies based on the European Regional Innovation Scoreboard (RIS) have demonstrated that R&D investments, support to the high technology industry and patenting intensity of the public sector differ in high- and low-income European countries. This fact refers to the need for adequate IP strategic indicators’ system facilitating innovation in less developed countries. The paper aims to conceptualize and suggest a strategic indicators’ system of IP for a small efficiency-driven economy. In contrast to the rather modest level of patenting by industry, universities of the Baltic States file approximately 50% of PCT patent applications. Therefore, it is crucial to overcome barriers, hindering universities’ IP commercialization. Academia-Industry collaboration includes two types of IP strategies: Active non-linear and Passive linear behavioural models of universities and public sector. An essential part of the active approach focuses on the “soft measures” for networking with firms in collaborative platforms such as AIMday® at the Uppsala University in Sweden. The proposed IP strategy system involves qualitative and quantitative indicators at the state as well as university and company level. The comparison of academic publishing and patenting by the staffs of Tartu and Uppsala universities testifies to their rather same levels of productivity. Three times wider patent families of the inventions of Uppsala origin characterize actors’ market ambition as well as the strength of University-Industry linkages that are more developed in Uppsala than in Tartu. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.27.3.13799
6 citations
Cites background or result from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...- 322 patent family size is also an indicator of the value of the invention protected by the patent (Sapsalis, Van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie & Navon, 2006; Hanel, 2006)....
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...In the (innovation based) knowledge economy (for further discussion on the innovation-based economy, see, e.g., Powell & Snellman, 2004; Kelli & Pisuke, 2008), along with domestic patenting, international protection of one’s competitive advantage on global markets assumes priority (Hanel, 2006)....
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..., Powell & Snellman, 2004; Kelli & Pisuke, 2008), along with domestic patenting, international protection of one’s competitive advantage on global markets assumes priority (Hanel, 2006)....
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...But - 322 - patent family size is also an indicator of the value of the invention protected by the patent (Sapsalis, Van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie & Navon, 2006; Hanel, 2006)....
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...…system of IP indicators in Table 2 is a generalization partly drawn from the authors’ previous studies (see, e.g., Kelli, Jonsson & Mets, 2014; Kelli et al., 2013; Mets, Kelli & Jonsson, 2011; Mets, 2010) and partly the result of literature review (e.g., Mortensen, 2011; Hanel, 2006; Retzig, 2007)....
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09 May 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, a factor analysis of variance results highlight a significant difference in performance of sole proprietorship/partnership, private limited and public limited firms vis-a-vis product innovation, process innovation, increased range of goods and services, R&D intensity, new technology adoption and adaptation.
Abstract: Different shades of World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement on trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) are reflected in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, but small and medium-scale pharmaceutical firms are slowly increasing their product innovation, process innovation and research and development (R&D) intensity. Analysis of variance results highlight a significant difference in performance of sole proprietorship/partnership, private limited and public limited firms vis-a-vis product innovation, process innovation, increased range of goods and services, R&D intensity, new technology adoption and adaptation. Factor analysis results indicated that developing intellectual property rights (IPR), technological measures and marketing practices explained 80.256% of variation. Policy initiative factor is dominating and SMEs are still relying heavily on support from government.
6 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...According to Hanel (2006), as a patent-friendly environment is now prevalent in India, patents are increasingly used for protecting innovations from imitation....
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Dissertation•
16 May 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a set of propositions which permettent de bâtir un modele reseau de comprehension of ces competitions, i.e., a reseau inter-organisationnel permettaitde generer non seulement the base installee ideale for gagner la competition, mais aussi d'influencer tous lesautres leviers (la credibilite et la superiorite technique, le verrouillage des consommateurs par les couts dechangement, the
Abstract: Dans cette these, nous avons tente d’expliquer les competitions inter-standards au travers des reseaux interorganisationnelsconstruits par les protagonistes. Sur la base de syntheses de theories emanant de trois principauxchamps academiques (economie des standards et des industries de reseau, analyse de reseaux et managementstrategique) la these formule des propositions qui permettent de bâtir un modele reseau de comprehension de cescompetitions. Elle emploie une etude de cas unique, adopte un positionnement epistemologique realiste critiqueet s'appuie sur la situation empirique de competition entre les technologies Blu-ray et HD-DVD pourl’emergence du standard DVD de 2eme generation. Toute l’approche de la these se justifie par le postulat d'uneproximite methodologique et theorique entre reseau inter-organisationnel des sponsors d’un standard et baseinstallee de ce standard. Ce postulat a egalement permis de poser que le reseau inter-organisationnel permettaitde generer non seulement la base installee ideale pour gagner la competition, mais aussi d’influencer tous lesautres leviers (la credibilite et la superiorite technique, le verrouillage des consommateurs par les couts dechangement, la disponibilite de produits complementaires, le timing d’entree sur le marche etc.). En mobilisantdes concepts de « croissance » et « resilience » des approches reseaux complexes (Albert & Barabasi, 2002 ;Newman, 2003a ; etc.) et ceux de « pouvoir potentiel » et « d’usage du pouvoir » des auteurs en management(Brass & Burkhardt, 1993 ; Mintzberg, 1983 ; etc.) nous avons etabli que la reussite dans une competition entrestandards est subordonnee a la construction d’un reseau inter-organisationnel croissant et resilient dont lepotentiel est effectivement employe sur le terrain industriel et commercial.
5 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...Certains auteurs traitent spécifiquement des droits de propriété intellectuelle : P. A. David, R. D. Anderson, E. Mansfield etc. Hanel (2006) fait une autre synthèse de leurs travaux. des adversaires....
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Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the research results of patent licensing as one of the forms of commercialization in the selected European countries in the long time period, and identify and measure the patent licensing dynamics, which is part of the major research related to identify and structure recognition of patents commercialization stream.
Abstract: The issue of the commercialization of patents, as an exemplification of the industrial property, is mostly considered at the microeconomic level. Patent commercialization belongs to the innovation management process, which takes place in innovative organizations. Such microeconomic research approach does not take into account the phenomenon of the intellectual property simultaneous spread and use of scientific and technical knowledge in the economy. These observations lead to undertaking research on the commercial use of patents in the economy. The aim of this paper is to present the research results of the patent licensing as one of the forms of commercialization in the selected European countries in the long time period. The main purpose of undertaken research was to identify and measure the patent licensing dynamics, which is part of the one of the major research related to identify and structure recognition of patents commercialization stream. To achieve this purpose, the collection of patent metadata for the member states of the European Patent Office was used, as well as the author’s own concordance IPC→NACE table. As a result of the research, some of the European countries were identified as leading, in terms of the number of licensed patents, the dynamics spread of patent property in the European economy that was set, and the branches were established, in which the emerging new industrial solutions are the subject of commercialization with the use of license contracts.
5 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
5,075 citations
01 Jan 1990
4,944 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
4,845 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public benefit as mentioned in this paper, however, the benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms.
Abstract: To HAVE the incentive to undertake research and development, a firm must be able to appropriate returns sufficient to make the investment worthwhile. The benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms. Patent law seeks to resolve this tension between incentives for innovation and widespread diffusion of benefits. A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public
3,653 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts, and found that simple patent counts are highly correlated with contemporaneous RD, however, the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
Abstract: The use ofpatents in economic research has been seriously hindered by the fact that patents vary enormously in their importance or value, and hence, simple patent counts cannot be informative about innovative output. The purpose of this article is to put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts. The empirical analysis of a particular innovation (Computed Tomography scanners) indeed shows a close association between citation-based patent indices and independent measures of the social value of innovations in that field. Moreover, the weighting scheme appears to be nonlinear (increasing) in the number of citations, implying that the informational content of citations rises at the margin. As in previous studies, simple patent counts are found to be highly correlated with contemporaneous RD however, here the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
2,765 citations