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Journal ArticleDOI

Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature

01 Aug 2006-Technovation (Elsevier)-Vol. 26, Iss: 8, pp 895-931
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: O objetivo deste artigo e fornecer uma visao estrategica do cenario de gestao no processo decisorio do registro de patentes, relacionado ao BRICS (Brasil, Russia, India, China and Africa do Sul), in particular, Brazil, China, India and South Africa.
Abstract: O Objetivo deste artigo e fornecer uma visao estrategica do cenario de gestao no processo decisorio do registro de patentes, relacionado ao BRICS (Brasil, Russia, India, China e Africa do Sul), incluindo adicionalmente a Coreia do sul. Os BRICS sao cada vez mais importantes no Cenario Global, e a pesquisa apresenta diversos cenarios competitivos, como Patentes, Macroeconomia, Disponibilidade de Capital, Juridico, Inovacao, Educacao, Investimento em PD o metodo de interpretacao foi o dedutivo, com abordagem exploratoria, de natureza qualitativa e teve como instrumento de coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliografica, na Internet, em artigos, publicacoes em revistas eletronicas e outras fontes; onde as Consideracoes Finais possuem recomendacoes futuras, como a agilidade dos exames de patentes no Brasil, a melhoria na relacao entre Universidades e Empresas, evidenciando a possibilidade do aprofundamento estrategico das solucoes encontradas

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of a competitive strategy with a suitable IP strategy and management can protect a company from IP free-riding, as copying their products either provides high margins or opens large markets.
Abstract: Companies with a distinct competitive strategy are attractive targets for free riding of intellectual property (IP) as copying their products either provides high margins (differentiation) or opens large markets (cost leadership) However, a clever combination of a competitive strategy with a suitable IP strategy and management can protect a company from IP free riding Our findings suggest that cost leaders should use legal protection methods and ensure the enforcement of these methods Differentiators should keep their knowledge and technology secret so as to mitigate the imitation enabling effect of technical intellectual property rights (IPR) Trademarks and registered designs are effective tools for companies of both competitive strategies Policy should improve the effectiveness of IPR regimes allowing easy and fast enforcement of patents

1 citations


Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."

  • ...In light of the rising importance of IP for companies’ daily business (Hanel, 2006) it is crucial to understand the shortcomings of the employed protection measures....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Aug 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the evolution of the biotechnology sector in Spain and its relationship with scientific policy and the management of R&D, and analyzed the influence of political decisions as a major factor with a bearing on the quality of science.
Abstract: Spain’s economy recorded a high rate of growth from the mid-1990s onwards. At the same time, the resources allocated to Research and Development (R&D) grew at a much faster pace than in other European Union (EU) countries. Spain’s growth recorded an average rate of 2.93% from the early 1990s to 2004. Over the same period, the average growth in the EU was 0.46%. This circumstance, together with several sound policy decisions implemented between 2004 and 2009, ushered in a “golden age of Spanish biotechnology”. In terms of the national patent licenses issued by the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office (SPTO) between 2004 and 2009, the number in biotechnology grew from 84 to 151. However, the current economic situation in Spain, along with a series of political decisions taken over the past two or three years to cut spending on R&D, predicts a sharp downturn in the performance of Spanish biotechnology. This scenario makes Spain one of the best places to study the successes and failures of the management of science and allows transfer this experience to the other international regions. We need to analyze the influence of political decisions as a major factor with a bearing on the quality of science. Using patents as an indicator of scientific development, this paper analyzes the evolution of the biotechnology sector in Spain and its relationship with scientific policy and the management of R&D.

1 citations


Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."

  • ...In today’s economy, knowledge is one of the main economic assets, and its management and protection have become the cornerstones of corporate strategy in industrialized nations [1]....

    [...]

01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a VIKOR based multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach was proposed to price SIPs appropriately and achieve higher profitability in the IC/SOC domain.
Abstract: In the knowledge-based economy era, transactions of intellectual properties (IPs) in general and silicon intellectual properties (SIP) in special have played a daily important role in fostering innovation and achieving economic growth. The emergence of system-on-a-chips (SOCs) and increasing IC design complexity have further accelerating the popularity and transactions of IPs which can be used to assist IC/SOC designers crossing the gap between the growth of numbers of transistors on an IC and the growth of IC design engineering productivity. However, as transactions of SIPs have already become one of the most important business activities being related to IC/SOC designs in the semiconductor value chain, very few researches discussed the transaction related issues. Further, albeit an appropriate pricing strategy is one of the most important elements of a marketing-mix strategy, very limited researchers tried to uncover how SIP pricing strategies can be defined, not to mention the SIP strategy definition for late comers in the SIP industry, e.g. SIP providers in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan or other Asian countries. The late comers’ SIP prices usually follow those of western (e.g. U.S. and U.K.) industry leaders’ while these “me too” pricing strategies usually results in lower than expected revenues and profits. Apparently, how to price SIPs appropriately and achieve higher profitability have already become the most important marketing issues of the SIP providers. To price appropriately, this research aims to propose a VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) based multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach. The feasibility of this VIKOR based MCDM framework was verified by Taiwanese SIP experts for defining an SIP pricing strategy for late coming SIP providers in Taiwan which mainly sell low value added peripheral or memory SIPs or purchase high value added embedded processors (e.g. ARM cores) and then resell the cores with design services. Twelve criteria and nine strategies were summarized by literature and recognized by the experts at first. Then influence relationships between the twelve criteria were derived as the structure of the decision problem by using the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method for serving as the basis of the weight versus each criterion by using the Analytic Network Process (ANP). Finally, the nine strategies were graded and ranked based the VIKOR method. The optimal strategy, which the SIP providers sell optional extras along with the SIP to maximize its turnover, was recommended by the experts as the most suitable one. The proposed SIP pricing strategy is appropriate for the

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate the weakness of the domestic production of patented technological innovation in the field of radiology and imaging diagnosis.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Brazilian technological innovation in the field of radiology and imaging diagnosis, in terms of patent indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exploratory analytical study of information retrieved through cross queries in databases of intellectual property offices in Brazil (State Industrial Property Office [Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial - INPI]), United States (United States Patent and Trademark Office - USPTO) and Europe (European Patent Office - EPO). RESULTS: There were 277,057 patents in the field of radiology and imaging diagnosis. Of this total, 7,800 were registered at INPI (3%), 65,428 (24%) registered at the EPO and 203,829 (73%) issued by USPTO. Brazil is a signatory to 1,732 patents published by the INPI, 80 by the EPO and 26 by the USPTO. Overall, 219,993 (79%) patents were related to electronic devices strongly linked to information technology in health care, ultrasonography, tomography, magnetic resonance imaging procedures as well as to images generation, communication and archiving, and 57,064 patents (21%) dealt with technologies related to radiation protection and dosimetry, nuclear physics, electrotherapy, magnetic therapy and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the weakness of the domestic production of patented technological innovation in the field of radiology and imaging diagnosis.

1 citations

References
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ReportDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.

5,075 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.

4,845 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public benefit as mentioned in this paper, however, the benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms.
Abstract: To HAVE the incentive to undertake research and development, a firm must be able to appropriate returns sufficient to make the investment worthwhile. The benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms. Patent law seeks to resolve this tension between incentives for innovation and widespread diffusion of benefits. A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public

3,653 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts, and found that simple patent counts are highly correlated with contemporaneous RD, however, the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
Abstract: The use ofpatents in economic research has been seriously hindered by the fact that patents vary enormously in their importance or value, and hence, simple patent counts cannot be informative about innovative output. The purpose of this article is to put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts. The empirical analysis of a particular innovation (Computed Tomography scanners) indeed shows a close association between citation-based patent indices and independent measures of the social value of innovations in that field. Moreover, the weighting scheme appears to be nonlinear (increasing) in the number of citations, implying that the informational content of citations rises at the margin. As in previous studies, simple patent counts are found to be highly correlated with contemporaneous RD however, here the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.

2,765 citations