Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
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01 Jan 2008
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the protection available for and used by small firms in their innovation activities by conducting a review on the relevant literature and use a qualitative multiple case study conducted in eight small companies to empirically study the issue.
Abstract: The knowledge protection/sharing dilemma related to innovation activities is becoming known to all firms, even though it is generally more notable for SMEs: the small size of the firms inherently creates a need for inter-organizational collaboration, but it also makes dealing with the related contradictories more challenging. One factor behind this is that the needed tools — such as the protection mechanisms of intellectual assets — may be more limited. In line with this notion, we examine the protection available for and used by small firms in their innovation activities. We approach the issue by conducting a review on the relevant literature, and use a qualitative multiple case study conducted in eight small companies to empirically study the issue. Departing from prior research, we consider protection of innovations by distinguishing between the intangibles needed in innovation activities and the actual innovation outputs, and combine these considerations to the knowledge protection/sharing dilemma.
67 citations
TL;DR: A hybrid method of assessing patent value and determining strategy in the early stage of commercialization, which uses fuzzy measurement to pinpoint the location of a patent in a matrix with great precision, is more accurate than traditional technology portfolio planning models that rely on Likert scales.
67 citations
TL;DR: The use of IPRs is to a great extent correlated with basic economic characteristics of firms, their activities and industry environment as mentioned in this paper, and the contribution of the use of IPs to the probability that a firm innovates.
Abstract: The objective of the paper is to determine how the utilisation of intellectual property rights (IPRs) by Canadian manufacturing firms is related to their characteristics, activities, competitive strategies and industry sector in which they operate. The principal source of information used in this endeavour is the Statistics Canada Survey of Innovation 1999. The paper starts with an overview of other studies that looked at the use of intellectual property rights in Canada. Follows a conceptual framework presenting variables likely to explain the use specific IPRs by Canadian manufacturing firms. The use of IPRs is to a great extent correlated with basic economic characteristics of firms, their activities and industry environment. A series of estimated logit regressions predict the probability that a firm will use a specific IPR instrument. Also estimated is the contribution of the use of IPRs to the probability that a firm innovates. The decision of a firm to use IPRs is often not independent of the decisi...
67 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...In this patent-friendly environment that spilled to a certain degree also to Canada, patents are increasingly used for other purposes than to protect innovations from imitation (Hanel, 2006 )....
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...• In this patent-friendly environment that spilled to a certain degree also to Canada, patents are increasingly used for other purposes than to protect innovations from imitation (Hanel, 2006)....
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...See Hanel (2006) for an overview of IPRs business management practices....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed the concept of service regime to extend and test Miozzo and Soete's service taxonomy, which considers sources of innovation, innovation trajectories, and appropriability.
67 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
5,075 citations
01 Jan 1990
4,944 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
4,845 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public benefit as mentioned in this paper, however, the benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms.
Abstract: To HAVE the incentive to undertake research and development, a firm must be able to appropriate returns sufficient to make the investment worthwhile. The benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms. Patent law seeks to resolve this tension between incentives for innovation and widespread diffusion of benefits. A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public
3,653 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts, and found that simple patent counts are highly correlated with contemporaneous RD, however, the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
Abstract: The use ofpatents in economic research has been seriously hindered by the fact that patents vary enormously in their importance or value, and hence, simple patent counts cannot be informative about innovative output. The purpose of this article is to put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts. The empirical analysis of a particular innovation (Computed Tomography scanners) indeed shows a close association between citation-based patent indices and independent measures of the social value of innovations in that field. Moreover, the weighting scheme appears to be nonlinear (increasing) in the number of citations, implying that the informational content of citations rises at the margin. As in previous studies, simple patent counts are found to be highly correlated with contemporaneous RD however, here the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
2,765 citations