Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
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TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical grounding was made based on an exploratory and bibliographical research on scientific basis to analyze how happens the innovation process in SMEs and in the pharmaceutical sector and to suggest future studies that will allow a better management of these companies.
Abstract: International institutions that promote economic development have pointed out, in recent years, that the small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) development enables the economic growth of countries and regions, providing a greater economy dynamism and improving its indicators, such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). SMEs also show greater diversity in the labor market and thus are also responsible for many of the innovation generated by the countries. For these companies to grow, it is essential that they develop strategic management of their innovations, including all the risks, possibilities and all actors involved in the process. Pharmaceutical industry is part of a high risk sector, because it needs a high investment in research and development of specific diseases treatments without the guaranteed success and therefore, they need a management model that deals with all its specificity, thus this the hypothesis considered in this work. A theoretical grounding was made based on an exploratory and bibliographical research on scientific basis. In this way, it was possible to analyze how happens the innovation process in SMEs and in the pharmaceutical sector and to suggest future studies that will allow a better management of these companies.
24 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid method of assessing the importance of public research projects and determining strategy in early stage of commercialization is presented. But, the authors used an empirical case of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) to test the method, and categorized ITRI projects into four groups according to benefits and risk factors extracted from a factor analysis.
Abstract: This study aimed to provide a hybrid method of assessing the importance of public research projects and determining strategy in early stage of commercialization The author uses an empirical case of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) to test the method As the result of his analysis, the author categorized ITRI's projects into four groups according to benefits and risk factors extracted from a factor analysis and for each group of projects the author offer possible strategies for further commercialization The method can highlight change in the meaning and strategic grouping of a project Furthermore, it can be used for long-term strategic planning, eg, strategic foresight and corporate foresight
Cites methods from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...With the involvement of inventors, R&D managers, and industrial experts, he collected 20 variables for further analysis [7]....
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DOI•
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define a set of innovation behaviors by analyzing patent data and present an integrated framework which detects four dimensions of innovation processes (core vs non-core, exploitation vs. exploration, closed vs. open, incremental vs. radical) and describes how companies manage technological evolution and organize R&D activities.
Abstract: Our research comes within the studies concerning innovation strategies. The aim of the paper is to define a set of innovation behaviors, by analyzing patent data. The work contributes to the current literature on innovation management by providing an integrated framework which detects four dimensions of innovation processes (core vs. non-core, exploitation vs. exploration, closed vs. open, incremental vs. radical) and describes how companies manage technological evolution and organize R&D activities from a quantitative point of view. The methodology is tested on a sample of 98 R&D intense companies from the bio-pharmaceutical industry, by analyzing 10,983 patents applied in 2012.
Cites methods from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...Patent data are used for analyzing both innovative activity [1] [2] and its output [3] [4] and are widely accepted as a measure of innovation [5] [6]....
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors use the exploratory research method to study a potentially genuine and vital research stream that uncovers the overlooked yet valuable scientific and technical information sources that higher education institutions could utilize to complement academic research articles.
Abstract: Patent protection typically lasts about 20 years from the filing date and is in exchange for sufficiently disclosing the invention. The disclosure aims to enrich technical knowledge globally, promote creativity and technological innovation and contribute to sustainable socio-economic development. After this protection period, the patent expires, and in principle, any person may begin practicing the specific subject matter previously protected by the patent. Since the invention originally met all the patentability requirements, it was disclosed sufficiently to stimulate further innovation by others through a thorough understanding of existing developments in the patent literature. Thus, in addition to scholarly research articles, this makes patents potentially valuable sources of technical information in research and academia, unlocking new technology opportunities. We use the exploratory research method to study a potentially genuine and vital research stream that uncovers the overlooked yet valuable scientific and technical information sources that higher education institutions could utilize to complement academic research articles. This work establishes a necessary research agenda that critically challenges researchers to tap into the immediately available and promising technology opportunities presented by patents in the public domain. Using case studies to gain in-depth, multi-faceted explorations about the impact of these patents, we find that technologies contained in expired patents, abandoned patents, and technologies not protected by IPRs, resulting in improved research quality and increased collaboration with industry, if adequately exploited and integrated with other technologies. Moreover, this could lead to increased academic patenting and commercialization with support from the university's Technology Transfer Office.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
5,075 citations
01 Jan 1990
4,944 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
4,845 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public benefit as mentioned in this paper, however, the benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms.
Abstract: To HAVE the incentive to undertake research and development, a firm must be able to appropriate returns sufficient to make the investment worthwhile. The benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms. Patent law seeks to resolve this tension between incentives for innovation and widespread diffusion of benefits. A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public
3,653 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts, and found that simple patent counts are highly correlated with contemporaneous RD, however, the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
Abstract: The use ofpatents in economic research has been seriously hindered by the fact that patents vary enormously in their importance or value, and hence, simple patent counts cannot be informative about innovative output. The purpose of this article is to put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts. The empirical analysis of a particular innovation (Computed Tomography scanners) indeed shows a close association between citation-based patent indices and independent measures of the social value of innovations in that field. Moreover, the weighting scheme appears to be nonlinear (increasing) in the number of citations, implying that the informational content of citations rises at the margin. As in previous studies, simple patent counts are found to be highly correlated with contemporaneous RD however, here the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
2,765 citations