Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
Citations
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TL;DR: This paper examines the cases of three pharmaceutical SME providing insights into how they appropriate returns on research and development (R&D) investments, and develops recommendations for SME regarding the professionalisation of their IP management practices.
Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) contribute to innovation and economic growth, despite their resource shortages and lack of professional intellectual property (IP) management practices. Drawing on social practice theory and combining insights from recent scholarship on IP strategies and its management, this paper examines the cases of three pharmaceutical SME providing insights into how they appropriate returns on research and development (R&D) investments. It discusses their IP strategies and management practices, examining how the IP management practices are embedded in the firm's organisational structure. Moreover, this paper develops recommendations for SME regarding the professionalisation of their IP management practices.
31 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...However, high costs of patenting activities such as application in different countries and litigation costs hinder SME to apply patents as much as larger companies (Arundel and Kabla, 1998; Hanel, 2006; Lanjouw and Schankerman, 2004)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the degree to which de facto book law protection of patents and de facto enforcement of these laws influences the propensity of firms to exploit their patented technology in foreign markets with company-owned operations or unrelated concerns using licensing agreements.
31 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that the method is useful not only for assessing the value of numerous types of patent across disciplines but also for probing small differences among similar patents and adjusting the weights of criteria to comply with organizational objectives.
30 citations
TL;DR: A system dynamics simulation model for analyzing the effects of licensing costs on product and technology markets helps identify royalty rates which benefit all types of companies and which provide incentives for technology development and innovation.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between knowledge management and the creation of intellectual property within the context of small and medium-size manufacturing enterprises was explored and a hypothesis was formulated and tested using structural equation modelling.
Abstract: Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between knowledge management and creation of intellectual property within the context of small and medium size manufacturing enterprises
Design/methodology/approach
A hypothesis was formulated and tested using structural equation modelling Data were collected through an instrument that was developed based on key constructs adapted from the literature and that was first validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis A Cronbach’s alpha test was also conducted and the Composite Reliability Index was calculated to ensure reliability of the theoretical model The instrument was distributed among manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Aguascalientes region of Mexico, from were 125 valid responses were obtained
Findings
In general, the results indicate that knowledge management has positive effects on the creation of intellectual property in manufacturing SMEs This suggests that SMEs can create more intellectual property if they dedicate more efforts to the management of knowledge
Practical implications
The implication of this research and its findings may inform the strategies formulated by policy makers, and the managerial practices that manufacturing SMEs can adopt to protect their knowledge
Originality/value
Evidence suggests that studies focused on investigating the relationship between knowledge and intellectual property are limited This paper provides a refined understanding of the relationship between knowledge management and intellectual property creation
30 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...As a consequence, its management and protection are now an integral part of the competitive strategies of many of these organisations (Hanel, 2006)....
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...For instance, Hanel (2006) comments that knowledge management has nowadays become one of the most valuable and worthy intangible activities of firms....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
5,075 citations
01 Jan 1990
4,944 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey on the use of patent data in economic analysis, focusing on the patent data as an indicator of technological change and concluding that patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
Abstract: This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.
4,845 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public benefit as mentioned in this paper, however, the benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms.
Abstract: To HAVE the incentive to undertake research and development, a firm must be able to appropriate returns sufficient to make the investment worthwhile. The benefits consumers derive from an innovation, however, are increased if competitors can imitate and improve on the innovation to ensure its availability on favorable terms. Patent law seeks to resolve this tension between incentives for innovation and widespread diffusion of benefits. A patent confers, in theory, perfect appropriability (monopoly of the invention) for a limited time in return for a public
3,653 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts, and found that simple patent counts are highly correlated with contemporaneous RD, however, the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
Abstract: The use ofpatents in economic research has been seriously hindered by the fact that patents vary enormously in their importance or value, and hence, simple patent counts cannot be informative about innovative output. The purpose of this article is to put forward patent counts weighted by citations as indicators of the value of innovations, thereby overcoming the limitations of simple counts. The empirical analysis of a particular innovation (Computed Tomography scanners) indeed shows a close association between citation-based patent indices and independent measures of the social value of innovations in that field. Moreover, the weighting scheme appears to be nonlinear (increasing) in the number of citations, implying that the informational content of citations rises at the margin. As in previous studies, simple patent counts are found to be highly correlated with contemporaneous RD however, here the association is within afield over time rather than cross-sectional.
2,765 citations