Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
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TL;DR: Text mining is used to transform patent documents into structured data to identify keyword vectors and principal component analysis is employed to reduce the numbers of keyword vectors to make suitable for use on a two-dimensional map.
386 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...However, as the value of firms, particularly in the knowledge-intensive business service sector, is determined by the value of their intellectual property that can be represented and protected by patents (Hanel, 2006), more firms are trying to protect their service innovations (Bader, 2008)....
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TL;DR: The results showed that topological measures are beneficial in detecting branching innovation in the citation network of scientific publications.
293 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...The intellectual property rights are becoming significant for the management of firms (Hanel, 2006; Storto, 2006; Bader, 2008)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate how knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) protect their inventions from imitation by rival firms when choosing among various protection mechanisms, including patents, registration of design patterns, trademarks, secrecy and lead-time advantages over competitors.
222 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the pattern of international collaboration across countries in inventive activities using the information about inventors and assignees as defined by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
133 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a specific model of analysis, which includes various hypotheses to be tested in a sample of 258 Spanish manufacturing companies, and confirm that companies that mostly use explicit knowledge chose the patenting system as a defence mechanism, while those companies in which tacit type knowledge predominates tend to opt for industrial secret.
117 citations
Cites background or result from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...used by Spanish manufacturing companies, confirming the results obtained in the research of Harabi (1995) and Brouwer and Kleinknecht (1999)....
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...of appropriating economic benefits from appropriation (Hanel, 2006)....
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...In this sense, patents are increasingly perceived in many industrial sectors as being a rather ineffectual means of appropriating economic benefits from appropriation (Hanel, 2006)....
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References
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01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the silent emergence of complexity fitting concept to reality the evolution of technological innovation complexity summary of cases used in Part Two, self-organization network selforganisation network learning path dependence.
Abstract: Part One: the silent emergence of complexity fitting concept to reality the evolution of technological innovation complexity summary of cases used in Part Two. Part Two: self-organization network self-organization network learning path dependence. Part Three: emerging patterns adaptive network strategies adaptive public policies.
209 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider one specialized context in which IPRs can add to efficiency by influencing the location of technological innovation and show that when the supply relationship is likely to produce new information of value to the supplier, stronger property rights favor independent suppliers over vertical integration, therefore encouraging investments in specialized firms with strong 'firm capabilities' in the area of innovative input supply.
Abstract: The proper specification of intellectual property rights (IPRs) is a delicate and controversial matter. In this paper, we consider one specialized context in which IPRs can add to efficiency. We build on contributions of both 'firm capabilities' scholars (e.g. Teece, Pisano et al.) and 'property rights' economists (e.g. Hart) to show that IPRs can affect efficiency by influencing the location of technological innovation. Using a simple set up, where the key choice is whether a technology-intensive input will be supplied by an independent firm or produced in-house, we analyze how the choice is affected by the strength of IPRs and by the existence (and nature) of information spillovers. Specifically, we show that when the supply relationship is likely to produce new information of value to the supplier, stronger property rights favor independent suppliers over vertical integration. An important implication of our model (backed by empirical case studies) is that strong IPRs therefore encourage investments in specialized firms with strong 'firm capabilities' in the area of innovative input supply. IPRs therefore may play a role--along with multiple other factors--in the location of firm boundaries in some cases. This contribution to the viability of small, specialized firms, with their superior ability to innovate in some cases, must be taken into account in evaluating recent criticisms of over-fragmented IPR ownership (i.e. the 'anticommons' problem). It also contributes to an understanding of IPRs in the 'post-Chandlerian' economy, where smaller, specialized firms play a prominent role. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined circumstances under which this empirical pattern could be observed and examined the implications for brand-name price levels, and for the brand name price response to entry, of health sector trends that may have the effect of expanding the size of the cross-price-sensitive segment of the market.
Abstract: Empirical studies suggest that entry of generic competitors results in minimal decreases or even increases in brand-name drug prices as well as sharp declines in brand-name advertising This paper examines circumstances under which this empirical pattern could be observed The analysis focuses on models where the demand for brand-name pharmaceuticals is divided into two segments, only one of which is cross-price-sensitive Brand-name firms are assumed to set price and advertising in a Stackelberg context; they allow for responses by generic producers but the latter take decisions by brand-name f inns as given Brand-name price and advertising responses to entry are shown to depend upon the properties of the reduced-form brand-name demand function Conditions for positive price responses and negative advertising responses are derived We also examine the implications for brand-name price levels, and for the brand-name price response to entry, of health sector trends (such as increasing HMO enrollments) that may have the effect of expanding the size of the cross-price-sensitive segment of the market The paper concludes with a review of recent empirical research and suggestions for future work on the effects of generic entry
201 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first comparative study of UK and Japanese IP management is presented, showing that Japanese companies actively search for technology to license in to a greater extent than in the UK where attitudes to IP are more static.
191 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider how this socially undesirable waiting period and the pattern of development of subsequent innovations are affected by two patent protection regimes which are called "length" and "scope" protection.
Abstract: Innovators who have made significant breakthroughs may be tempted to get a head start in developing the applications of a new discovery before commercializing any new product. We consider how this socially undesirable waiting period and the pattern of development of subsequent innovations are affected by two patent protection regimes which we call "length" and "scope" protection. Our main finding is that the scope of the patent, and not its length, is the dimension that should be used to induce early disclosure of fundamental innovations while still preserving firms' incentive to do R&D. Furthermore, the optimal protection increases with rivalry in the markets for applications.
188 citations