Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the empirical literature regarding the use and management of Intellectual Property rights (IPRs) is presented, focusing on the US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia and the protection of IP in specific industry groups.
About: This article is published in Technovation.The article was published on 2006-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Intellectual property & Valuation (finance).
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TL;DR: Text mining is used to transform patent documents into structured data to identify keyword vectors and principal component analysis is employed to reduce the numbers of keyword vectors to make suitable for use on a two-dimensional map.
386 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...However, as the value of firms, particularly in the knowledge-intensive business service sector, is determined by the value of their intellectual property that can be represented and protected by patents (Hanel, 2006), more firms are trying to protect their service innovations (Bader, 2008)....
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TL;DR: The results showed that topological measures are beneficial in detecting branching innovation in the citation network of scientific publications.
293 citations
Cites background from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...The intellectual property rights are becoming significant for the management of firms (Hanel, 2006; Storto, 2006; Bader, 2008)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate how knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) protect their inventions from imitation by rival firms when choosing among various protection mechanisms, including patents, registration of design patterns, trademarks, secrecy and lead-time advantages over competitors.
222 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the pattern of international collaboration across countries in inventive activities using the information about inventors and assignees as defined by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
133 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a specific model of analysis, which includes various hypotheses to be tested in a sample of 258 Spanish manufacturing companies, and confirm that companies that mostly use explicit knowledge chose the patenting system as a defence mechanism, while those companies in which tacit type knowledge predominates tend to opt for industrial secret.
117 citations
Cites background or result from "Intellectual property rights busine..."
...used by Spanish manufacturing companies, confirming the results obtained in the research of Harabi (1995) and Brouwer and Kleinknecht (1999)....
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...of appropriating economic benefits from appropriation (Hanel, 2006)....
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...In this sense, patents are increasingly perceived in many industrial sectors as being a rather ineffectual means of appropriating economic benefits from appropriation (Hanel, 2006)....
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References
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TL;DR: This paper found that intraindustry R&D knowledge flows and spillovers are greater in Japan than in the US and the appropriability of rents due to innovation less, suggesting that patent policy can importantly affect information flows.
728 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how institutional environment and transaction characteristics affect governance of inter-firm alliances and identify transaction-level characteristics as primary drivers of governance choice in alliances, but intellectual property protection is also a significant factor: firms adopt more hierarchical governance modes when protection is weak.
Abstract: This study builds on developments in transaction cost economics to examine how institutional environment and transaction (project) characteristics affect governance of inter-firm alliances. The focus is on the choice between equity and contractual alliance forms under differing regimes of intellectual property protection and other national institutional features. Empirical results identify transaction-level characteristics as primary drivers of governance choice in alliances, but intellectual property protection is also a significant factor: firms adopt more hierarchical governance modes when protection is weak. Complete understanding of the structure of inter-firm alliances thus requires a combined focus on the institutional environment and mechanisms of governance.
725 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the policy that is most effective at ensuring the first innovator earns a large share of profit from the second-generation products it facilitates, and propose cooperative agreements between initial innovators and later innovators.
Abstract: In markets with sequential innovation, inventors of derivative improvements might undermine the profit of initial innovators through competition. Profit erosion can be mitigated by broadening the first innovator's patent protection and/or by permitting cooperative agreements between initial innovators and later innovators. We investigate the policy that is most effective at ensuring the first innovator earns a large share of profit from the second-generation products it facilitates. In general, not all the profit can be transferred to the first innovator, and therefore patents should last longer when a sequence of innovations is undertaken by different firms rather than being concentrated in one firm.
724 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the speed at which various kinds of technological information leak out to rival firms and found that information concerning development decisions is generally in the hands of rivals within about 12 to 18 months, on the average, and information concerning the detailed nature and operation of a new product or process generally leaks out within about a year.
Abstract: There have been no systematic empirical studies of the speed at which various kinds of technological information leak out to rival firms. To help fill this gap, data were obtained from 100 American firms. According to the results, information concerning development decisions is generally in the hands of rivals within about 12 to 18 months, on the average, and information concerning the detailed nature and operation of a new product or process generally leaks out within about a year. These results have important implications both for incentives for innovation and for public policies aimed at stemming the outflow of technology.
722 citations
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TL;DR: In the early 1970s, economics was relegated by lawyers to the technical role of providing expert advice on a relatively narrow set of laws in such fields as antitrust and labor as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: ECONOMIC THOUGHT ABOUT LAW iS old, but the economic analysis of law, which relies on formal models, is new.1 A little over 30 years ago, economics was relegated by lawyers to the technical role of providing expert advice on a relatively narrow set of laws in such fields as antitrust and labor. There were no journals devoted to the economic analysis of law, it had no place in the first-year curriculum at American law schools, and few American law schools allocated a fulltime faculty position to a pure economist.2 From its modest beginnings in the 1960s, the economic analysis of law became an intellectual fad in the 1970s. The fad is over, but the continuing progress of the subject remains impressive. There are now four journals devoted to the economic analysis of law,3 articles using this
680 citations