Interactions between a partially or totally immersed vibrating cantilever plate and the surrounding fluid
TL;DR: In this article, the dry and wet dynamic characteristics of a vertical and a horizontal cantilever square plate are discussed from the viewpoint of a linear hydroelasticity theory, where the surface piercing vertical plate is partially immersed in the fluid and the influence of submerged plate length on the resonance frequencies investigated.
About: This article is published in Journal of Sound and Vibration.The article was published on 1987-11-08. It has received 149 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Bending of plates & Hydroelasticity.
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TL;DR: In this article, a detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a cantilever beam that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force is presented.
Abstract: The vibrational characteristics of a cantilever beam are well known to strongly depend on the fluid in which the beam is immersed. In this paper, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a cantilever beam, that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force. Due to its practical importance in application to the atomic force microscope (AFM), we consider in detail the special case of a cantilever beam that is excited by a thermal driving force. This will incorporate the presentation of explicit analytical formulae and numerical results, which will be of value to the users and designers of AFM cantilever beams.
1,359 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a family of silicon nitride cantilevers ranging in length from 23 to 203 μm were designed and tested, and the frequency spectrum of thermal motion in air and water was measured.
Abstract: We have designed and tested a family of silicon nitride cantilevers ranging in length from 23 to 203 μm. For each, we measured the frequency spectrum of thermal motion in air and water. Spring constants derived from thermal motion data agreed fairly well with the added mass method; these and the resonant frequencies showed the expected increase with decreasing cantilever length. The effective cantilever density (calculated from the resonant frequencies) was 5.0 g/cm3, substantially affected by the mass of the reflective gold coating. In water, resonant frequencies were 2 to 5 times lower and damping was 9 to 24 times higher than in air. Thermal motion at the resonant frequency, a measure of noise in tapping mode atomic force microscopy, decreased about two orders of magnitude from the longest to the shortest cantilever. The advantages of the high resonant frequency and low noise of a short (30 μm) cantilever were demonstrated in tapping mode imaging of a protein sample in buffer. Low‐noise images were tak...
515 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the frequency response of a cantilever beam, that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force, has been investigated and a critical assessment of the well-known inviscid model is presented.
Abstract: Detailed measurements of the frequency responses of a series of rectangular atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever beams, immersed in a range of fluids, have been performed to test the validity and accuracy of the recent theoretical model of Sader [J. Appl. Phys. 84, 64 (1998)]. This theoretical model gives the frequency response of a cantilever beam, that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force. Very good agreement between experimental measurements and theoretical calculations is found for all fluids considered. Furthermore, a critical assessment of the well-known inviscid model is presented, which demonstrates that this model is not applicable to AFM cantilever beams in general.
331 citations
TL;DR: Current progress on the use of dynamic-mode cantilever sensors for biosensing applications is critically reviewed, including fluid-structure interaction and its dependence on the Reynolds number for Newtonian fluids.
272 citations
Cites background from "Interactions between a partially or..."
...Reynolds number and fluid effects The earliest attempts to model fluid-structure interaction of antilevers treated the fluid as inviscid (Chu, 1963; Lindholm t al., 1965; Fu and Price, 1987)....
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TL;DR: The use of microcantilevers in rheological measurements of gases and liquids is demonstrated in this article, where densities and viscosities of both gases and liquid, which can range over several orders of magnitude, are measured simultaneously using a single microcantever.
Abstract: The use of microcantilevers in rheological measurements of gases and liquids is demonstrated. Densities and viscosities of both gases and liquids, which can range over several orders of magnitude, are measured simultaneously using a single microcantilever. The microcantilever technique probes only minute volumes of fluid (<1 nL), and enables in situ and rapid rheological measurements. This is in direct contrast to established methods, such as “cone and plate” and Couette rheometry, which are restricted to measurements of liquid viscosity, require large sample volumes, and are incapable of in situ measurements. The proposed technique also overcomes the restrictions of previous measurements that use microcantilevers, which are limited to liquid viscosity only, and require independent measurement of the liquid density. The technique presented here only requires knowledge of the cantilever geometry, its resonant frequency in vacuum, and its linear mass density. A simple yet robust calibration procedure is des...
157 citations
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639 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The method utilizes a source density distribution on the surface of the body and solves for the distribution necessary to make the normal velocity zero on the boundary and the flow velocities at points both on and off the body surface are calculated.
Abstract: : A method is described for calculating, with the aid of an electronic computer, the incompressible potential flow about arbitrary, non-lifting, three- dimensional bodies. The method utilizes a source density distribution on the surface of the body and solves for the distribution necessary to make the normal velocity zero on the boundary. Plane quadrilateral surface elements are used to approximate the body surface, and the integral equation for the surface source density is replaced by a set of linear algebraic equations for the values of the source density on each of the quadrilateral elements. After this set of equations has been solved, which is accomplished by a Seidel iterative procedure, the flow velocities at points both on and off the body surface are calculated. This approach is completely general. Bodies are not required to be slender, analytically defined, or simply connected.
370 citations
Book•
29 Feb 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of ship response to wave excitation in the context of dry hulls and other marine structures to waves, including the characteristics of practical hulls.
Abstract: Preface 1. Ship response 2. The dry hull 3. More accurate analysis of hull dynamics 4. The characteristics of practical hulls 5. Ship distortion in still water 6. Wave theory 7. Symmetric generalised fluid forces 8. Symmetric response 9. Transient loading 10. Antisymmetric response to wave excitation 11. Statistical analysis of ship response 12. Responses of other marine structures to waves Bibliography Index.
338 citations
296 citations