Interface morphology development during stress corrosion cracking: Part I. Via surface diffusion
01 Jul 1972-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science (Springer New York)-Vol. 3, Iss: 7, pp 1789-1796
TL;DR: In this article, the initiation of a crack in a specimen under tensile or compressive stresses is treated from the point of view of perturbation analysis, where a surface distortion is Fourier analyzed into a series of waves and the amplitude response of a single component of varying frequency is theoretically investigated.
Abstract: The initiation of a crack in a specimen under tensile or compressive stresses is treated from the point of view of perturbation analysis. A surface distortion is Fourier analyzed into a series of waves and the amplitude response of a single component of varying frequency is theoretically investigated. The response of the individual components yields a Griffith-type criterion for wave amplitude growth. The model is applied to alloy systems undergoing stress corrosion cracking via surface diffusion.
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02 Feb 2004TL;DR: The role of stress in mass transport is discussed in this article, where the authors consider anisotropic and patterned films, buckling, bulging, peeling and fracture.
Abstract: 1. Introduction and overview 2. Film stress and substrate curvature 3. Stress in anisotropic and patterned films 4. Delamination and fracture 5. Film buckling, bulging and peeling 6. Dislocation formation in epitaxial systems 7. Dislocation interactions and strain relaxation 8. Equilibrium and stability of surfaces 9. The role of stress in mass transport.
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Cites background from "Interface morphology development du..."
...The stability of a nominally °at bounding surface of a stressed solid was investigated independently by Asaro and Tiller (1972), Grinfeld (1986) and Srolovitz (1989). The instability was ̄rst observed and described qualitatively in solid 4He by Bodensohn et al....
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...8) is due to Herring (1953), and the inclusion of elastic stress e®ects in this local form is due to Asaro and Tiller (1972) and Rice and Chuang (1981)....
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...8) is due to Herring (1953), and the inclusion of elastic stress e®ects in this local form is due to Asaro and Tiller (1972) and Rice and Chuang (1981). Its principal role in this form is to describe the changing shape of the reference con ̄guration of an elastic solid subject to a spatially nonuniform stress distribution....
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...The stability of a nominally °at bounding surface of a stressed solid was investigated independently by Asaro and Tiller (1972), Grinfeld (1986) and Srolovitz (1989). The instability was ̄rst observed and described qualitatively in solid 4He by Bodensohn et al. (1986). Subsequently, Torii and Balibar (1992) developed an experiment that made it possible to induce the instability in solid 4He under controlled conditions, and to interpret the observations quantitatively....
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...The stability of a nominally °at bounding surface of a stressed solid was investigated independently by Asaro and Tiller (1972), Grinfeld (1986) and Srolovitz (1989)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors use dewetting to make arrays of nanoscale particles for electronic and photonic devices and for catalyzing growth of nanotubes and nanowires.
Abstract: Solid films are usually metastable or unstable in the as-deposited state, and they will dewet or agglomerate to form islands when heated to sufficiently high temperatures. This process is driven by surface energy minimization and can occur via surface diffusion well below a film's melting temperature, especially when the film is very thin. Dewetting during processing of films for use in micro- and nanosystems is often undesirable, and means of avoiding dewetting are important in this context. However, dewetting can also be useful in making arrays of nanoscale particles for electronic and photonic devices and for catalyzing growth of nanotubes and nanowires. Templating of dewetting using patterned surface topography or prepatterning of films can be used to create ordered arrays of particles and complex patterns of partially dewetted structures. Studies of dewetting can also provide fundamental new insight into the effects of surface energy anisotropy and facets on shape evolution.
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TL;DR: In this article, general trends in structural evolution in polycrystalline films, as a function of processing conditions and materials class, are discussed in terms of these fundamental kinetic processes.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Polycrystalline films have wide variety of applications in which their grain structures affect their performance and reliability. Thin film growth techniques and growth conditions affect grain shapes, the distribution of grain sizes, and the distribution of the crystallographic orientations of grains. Variations in these structural properties are affected by the conditions under which grain nucleation, growth, coarsening, coalescence, and thickening occur. General trends in structural evolution in polycystalline films, as a function of processing conditions and materials class, are discussed in terms of these fundamental kinetic processes.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the calculation of strain fields, which play an important role in the formation of such nanostructures and also influence their structural and optoelectronic properties.
Abstract: Instabilities in semiconductor heterostructure growth can be exploited for the self-organized formation of nanostructures, allowing for carrier confinement in all three spatial dimensions. Beside the description of various growth modes, the experimental characterization of structural properties, such as size and shape, chemical composition, and strain distribution is presented. The authors discuss the calculation of strain fields, which play an important role in the formation of such nanostructures and also influence their structural and optoelectronic properties. Several specific materials systems are surveyed together with important applications.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of the principal deformation mechanisms of ultra-strength materials is presented, and the fundamental defect processes that initiate and sustain plastic flow and fracture are described, as well as the mechanics and physics of both displacive and diffusive mechanisms.
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the stability of a moving planar liquid-solid interface during unidirectional freezing of a dilute binary alloy is theoretically investigated by calculating the time dependence of the amplitude of a sinusoidal perturbation of infinitesimal amplitude introduced into the planar shape.
Abstract: The stability of the shape of a moving planar liquid‐solid interface during the unidirectional freezing of a dilute binary alloy is theoretically investigated by calculating the time dependence of the amplitude of a sinusoidal perturbation of infinitesimal amplitude introduced into the planar shape. The calculation is accomplished by using gradients of the steady‐state thermal and diffusion fields satisfying the perturbed boundary conditions (capillarity included) to determine the velocity of each element of interface, a procedure justified in some detail. Instability occurs if any Fourier component of an arbitrary perturbation grows; stability occurs if all components decay. A stability criterion expressed in terms of growth parameters and system characteristics is thereby deduced and is compared with the currently used stability criterion of constitutional supercooling; some very marked differences are discussed.
2,542 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gibbs-Thompson formula is used to describe the development of surface grooves at the grain boundaries of a heated polycrystal and the mechanisms of evaporation-condensation and surface diffusion are discussed with the use of the Gibbs•Thompson formula.
Abstract: A theory is presented which describes the development of surface grooves at the grain boundaries of a heated polycrystal. The mechanisms of evaporation‐condensation and surface diffusion are discussed with the use of the Gibbs‐Thompson formula and the assumption that the properties of an interface do not depend on its orientation. For the idealized case in which only one of the mechanisms is operative, the groove profile is shown to have a time‐independent shape whose linear dimensions are proportional to t½ for evaporation‐condensation, and to t½ for surface diffusion. The proportionality constants are evaluated, and criteria are developed which permit one to estimate which process predominates in practice. Order of magnitude agreement is obtained with estimates of actual grooving speeds and profiles.
2,265 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the elastic stress field equations for blunt cracks are derived and presented in a form equivalent to the usual sharp crack tip stress fields, which are employed in analyzing a dissolution model for the arrest of stress corrosion cracking by crack tip blunting.
Abstract: The elastic stress field equations for blunt cracks are derived and presented in a form equivalent to the usual sharp crack tip stress fields. These stress field equations are employed in analyzing a dissolution model for the arrest of stress corrosion cracking by crack tip blunting, which is often observed with the arrest of stress corrosion cracks.
656 citations