Interferometric point target analysis for deformation mapping

doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2003.1295516

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Interferometric point target analysis for deformation mapping

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Interferometric point target analysis for deformation mapping

Charles Werner, Urs Wegmüller, Tazio Strozzi, Andreas Wiesmann

21 Jul 2003-Vol. 7, pp 4362-4364

TL;DR: The IPTA concept is introduced, including the point selection criteria, the phase model and the iterative improvement of the model parameters, to exploit the temporal and spatial characteristics of interferometric signatures collected from point targets.

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Abstract: Interferometric Point Target Analysis (IPTA) is a method to exploit the temporal and spatial characteristics of interferometric signatures collected from point targets to accurately map surface deformation histories, terrain heights, and relative atmospheric path delays. In this contribution the IPTA concept is introduced, including the point selection criteria, the phase model and the iterative improvement of the model parameters. Intermediate and final results of an IPTA example using a stack of ERS-1 and ERS-2 data, confirm the validity of the concept and indicate a high accuracy of the resulting products.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem

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Fausto Guzzetti, Alessandro Cesare Mondini¹, Mauro Cardinali, Federica Fiorucci¹, Michele Santangelo¹, Kang-Tsung Chang² - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

University of Perugia¹, Kainan University²

01 Apr 2012-Earth-Science Reviews

TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline the principles for landslide mapping, and review the conventional methods for the preparation of landslide maps, including geomorphological, event, seasonal, and multi-temporal inventories.

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1,290 citations

Cites background from "Interferometric point target analys..."

...Images captured by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors are used chiefly to detect and monitor deformation of the topographic surface produced by slow moving landslides (Ferretti et al., 2000; Berardino et al., 2002; Mora et al., 2003; Usai and Least, 2003; Werner et al., 2003; Hooper et al., 2004; Lanari et al., 2004; Crosetto et al., 2005; Hooper et al., 2007; Cascini et al., 2009; Guzzetti et al., 2009b; Cascini et al., 2010)....
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...…the topographic surface produced by slow moving landslides (Ferretti et al., 2000; Berardino et al., 2002; Mora et al., 2003; Usai and Least, 2003; Werner et al., 2003; Hooper et al., 2004; Lanari et al., 2004; Crosetto et al., 2005; Hooper et al., 2007; Cascini et al., 2009; Guzzetti et al.,…...
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...…time series of surface deformations, at single points (e.g., Ferretti et al., 2000; Berardino et al., 2002; Mora et al., 2003; Usai and Least, 2003; Werner et al., 2003; Canuti et al., 2004; Hooper et al., 2004; Lanari et al., 2004; Crosetto et al., 2005; Farina et al., 2006; Hooper et al., 2007;…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers

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Andrew Hooper¹, Howard A. Zebker¹, Paul Segall¹, Bert Kampes²•Institutions (2)

Stanford University¹, German Aerospace Center²

16 Dec 2004-Geophysical Research Letters

TL;DR: In this paper, a new InSAR persistent scatterer (PS) method was proposed for analyzing episodic crustal deformation in non-urban environments, with application to volcanic settings.

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Abstract: [1] We present here a new InSAR persistent scatterer (PS) method for analyzing episodic crustal deformation in non-urban environments, with application to volcanic settings. Our method for identifying PS pixels in a series of interferograms is based primarily on phase characteristics and finds low-amplitude pixels with phase stability that are not identified by the existing amplitude-based algorithm. Our method also uses the spatial correlation of the phases rather than a well-defined phase history so that we can observe temporally-variable processes, e.g., volcanic deformation. The algorithm involves removing the residual topographic component of flattened interferogram phase for each PS, then unwrapping the PS phases both spatially and temporally. Our method finds scatterers with stable phase characteristics independent of amplitudes associated with man-made objects, and is applicable to areas where conventional InSAR fails due to complete decorrelation of the majority of scatterers, yet a few stable scatterers are present.

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1,242 citations

Cites background from "Interferometric point target analys..."

...Other persistent scatterer processing systems have since been developed [e.g., Adam et al., 2003; Crosetto et al., 2003; Lyons and Sandwell, 2003; Werner et al., 2003]....
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...While conventional InSAR has proven very effective in measuring deformation in regions of good coherence [e.g., Massonnet et al., 1995; Amelung et al., 2000], it is clear from almost any volcano interferogram that there are large areas on most volcanoes where signals decorrelate and no measurement is possible....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar for crustal deformation analysis, with application to Volcán Alcedo, Galápagos

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Andrew Hooper¹, Andrew Hooper², Paul Segall¹, Howard A. Zebker¹•Institutions (2)

Stanford University¹, University of Iceland²

01 Jul 2007-Journal of Geophysical Research

TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial correlation of interferogram phase was used to find pixels with low-phase variance in all terrains, with or without buildings, for persistent scatterer (PS) analysis.

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Abstract: [1] While conventional interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a very effective technique for measuring crustal deformation, almost any interferogram includes large areas where the signals decorrelate and no measurement is possible. Persistent scatterer (PS) InSAR overcomes the decorrelation problem by identifying resolution elements whose echo is dominated by a single scatterer in a series of interferograms. Existing PS methods have been very successful in analysis of urban areas, where stable angular structures produce efficient reflectors that dominate background scattering. However, man-made structures are absent from most of the Earth's surface. Furthermore, existing methods identify PS pixels based on the similarity of their phase history to an assumed model for how deformation varies with time, whereas characterizing the temporal pattern of deformation is commonly one of the aims of any deformation study. We describe here a method for PS analysis, StaMPS, that uses spatial correlation of interferogram phase to find pixels with low-phase variance in all terrains, with or without buildings. Prior knowledge of temporal variations in the deformation rate is not required for their identification. We apply StaMPS to Volcan Alcedo, where conventional InSAR fails because of dense vegetation on the upper volcano flanks that causes most pixels to decorrelate with time. We detect two sources of deformation. The first we model as a contracting pipe-like body, which we interpret to be a crystallizing magma chamber. The second is downward and lateral motion on the inner slopes of the caldera, which we interpret as landsliding.

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897 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Investigating landslides with space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry

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C. Colesanti, Janusz Wasowski

15 Dec 2006-Engineering Geology

TL;DR: In this article, the Permanent Scatterers (PS) technique was used for landslide assessment by combining the wide-area coverage typical of satellite imagery with the capability of providing displacement data relative to individual image pixels.

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688 citations

Cites result from "Interferometric point target analys..."

...It is worth remarking that PS results obtained from JERS data have already been reported (Giordani and Panzeri, 2003; Werner et al., 2003b; Daito et al., 2003)....
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...In 2003, Werner et al. (2003a), Van der Kooij (2003) and Duro et al. (2003) presented results obtained respectively via the “interferometric point target analysis”, the “coherent target analysis” and the “stable point network analysis”....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Persistent Scatterer Interferometry: A review

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Michele Crosetto, Oriol Monserrat, María Cuevas-González, Núria Devanthéry, Bruno Crippa¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

University of Milan¹

01 May 2016-Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

TL;DR: This paper provides a review of the main PSI algorithms proposed in the literature, describing the main approaches and the most important works devoted to single aspects of PSI, and discusses the main open PSI problems and the associated future research lines.

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Abstract: Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) is a powerful remote sensing technique able to measure and monitor displacements of the Earth’s surface over time. Specifically, PSI is a radar-based technique that belongs to the group of differential interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). This paper provides a review of such PSI technique. It firstly recalls the basic principles of SAR interferometry, differential SAR interferometry and PSI. Then, a review of the main PSI algorithms proposed in the literature is provided, describing the main approaches and the most important works devoted to single aspects of PSI. A central part of this paper is devoted to the discussion of different characteristics and technical aspects of PSI, e.g. SAR data availability, maximum deformation rates, deformation time series, thermal expansion component of PSI observations, etc. The paper then goes through the most important PSI validation activities, which have provided valuable inputs for the PSI development and its acceptability at scientific, technical and commercial level. This is followed by a description of the main PSI applications developed in the last fifteen years. The paper concludes with a discussion of the main open PSI problems and the associated future research lines.

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661 citations

Cites background from "Interferometric point target analys..."

...…(2003) Small baselines Coherence Linear deformation in time Schmidt and Bürgmann (2003) Small baselines Coherence Spatial and temporal smoothness Werner et al. (2003) Single master Amplitude dispersion & Spectral phase diversity Linear deformation in time Duro et al. (2003) and Crosetto et…...
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...The same year, two companies specialized in PSI, Gamma Remote Sensing (www.gamma-rs.ch) and Altamira Information (www.altamirainformation.com), described their approaches in Werner et al. (2003) and Duro et al. (2003), respectively....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry

[...]

Alessandro Ferretti¹, Claudio Prati¹, Fabio Rocca¹•Institutions (1)

Polytechnic University of Milan¹

01 Jan 2001-IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

TL;DR: The authors present a complete procedure for the identification and exploitation of stable natural reflectors or permanent scatterers (PSs) starting from long temporal series of interferometric SAR images.

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Abstract: Temporal and geometrical decorrelation often prevents SAR interferometry from being an operational tool for surface deformation monitoring and topographic profile reconstruction. Moreover, atmospheric disturbances can strongly compromise the accuracy of the results. The authors present a complete procedure for the identification and exploitation of stable natural reflectors or permanent scatterers (PSs) starting from long temporal series of interferometric SAR images. When, as it often happens, the dimension of the PS is smaller than the resolution cell, the coherence is good even for interferograms with baselines larger than the decorrelation one, and all the available images of the ESA ERS data set can be successfully exploited. On these pixels, submeter DEM accuracy and millimetric terrain motion detection can be achieved, since atmospheric phase screen (APS) contributions can be estimated and removed. Examples are then shown of small motion measurements, DEM refinement, and APS estimation and removal in the case of a sliding area in Ancona, Italy. ERS data have been used.

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3,963 citations

"Interferometric point target analys..." refers background in this paper

...[6,7] proposed examining interferometric phases from stable, point-like reflectors and demonstrated that large numbers of such reflectors could be identified in stacks of ERS data, particularly in build-up areas....
[...]
...Building upon these ideas [2-7] the main objective of our development is to achieve more complete use of the available data....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms

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Paolo Berardino¹, Gianfranco Fornaro¹, Riccardo Lanari¹, Eugenio Sansosti¹•Institutions (1)

National Research Council¹

01 Nov 2002-IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

TL;DR: Results obtained on the data acquired from 1992 to 2000 by the European Remote Sensing satellites and relative to the Campi Flegrei caldera and to the city of Naples, Italy, that demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to follow the dynamics of the detected deformations.

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Abstract: We present a new differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry algorithm for monitoring the temporal evolution of surface deformations. The presented technique is based on an appropriate combination of differential interferograms produced by data pairs characterized by a small orbital separation (baseline) in order to limit the spatial decorrelation phenomena. The application of the singular value decomposition method allows us to easily "link" independent SAR acquisition datasets, separated by large baselines, thus increasing the observation temporal sampling rate. The availability of both spatial and temporal information in the processed data is used to identify and filter out atmospheric phase artifacts. We present results obtained on the data acquired from 1992 to 2000 by the European Remote Sensing satellites and relative to the Campi Flegrei caldera and to the city of Naples, Italy, that demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to follow the dynamics of the detected deformations.

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3,522 citations

"Interferometric point target analys..." refers background in this paper

...Techniques for reducing this error by stacking multiple independent observations have been presented and have achieved validated accuracies in the mm/year range [ 2-4 ]....
[...]
...Building upon these ideas [ 2-7 ] the main objective of our development is to achieve more complete use of the available data....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry

[...]

Paul A. Rosen¹, S. Hensley¹, Ian Joughin¹, F.K. Li¹, Soren N. Madsen¹, Ernesto Rodriguez¹, Richard M. Goldstein¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

California Institute of Technology¹

01 Mar 2000

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the techniques of interferometry, systems and limitations, and applications in a rapidly growing area of science and engineering, including cartography, geodesy, land cover characterization, and natural hazards.

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Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar interferometry is an imaging technique for measuring the topography of a surface, its changes over time, and other changes in the detailed characteristic of the surface. By exploiting the phase of the coherent radar signal, interferometry has transformed radar remote sensing from a largely interpretive science to a quantitative tool, with applications in cartography, geodesy, land cover characterization, and natural hazards. This paper reviews the techniques of interferometry, systems and limitations, and applications in a rapidly growing area of science and engineering.

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3,042 citations

"Interferometric point target analys..." refers background in this paper

...Repeat-pass space-borne interferometric SAR is a powerful technique for the observation of land surface deformation [1]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry

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Alessandro Ferretti¹, Claudio Prati, Fabio Rocca•Institutions (1)

Polytechnic University of Milan¹

01 Sep 2000-IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

TL;DR: In this article, a new approach to the estimation of the atmospheric phase contributions, and the local displacement field is proposed based on simple statistical assumptions, is presented in order to cope with nonlinear motion of the targets.

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Abstract: Discrete and temporarily stable natural reflectors or permanent scatterers (PS) can be identified from long temporal series of interferometric SAR images even with baselines larger than the so-called critical baseline. This subset of image pixels can be exploited successfully for high accuracy differential measurements. The authors discuss the use of PS in urban areas, like Pomona, CA, showing subsidence and absidence effects. A new approach to the estimation of the atmospheric phase contributions, and the local displacement field is proposed based on simple statistical assumptions. New solutions are presented in order to cope with nonlinear motion of the targets.

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1,901 citations

Journal Article•

Land Subsidence Monitoring with Differential SAR Interferometry

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T. Strozzi, U. Wegmuller, Gabriele Bitelli, Spreckels

01 Nov 2001-Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing

TL;DR: Differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry can be used to monitor land subsidence as mentioned in this paper, which is suitable for operational monitoring due to the accuracy of the maps produced, the extensive SAR data archive over the past 10 years, the expected continued availability of SAR data, and the maturity of required processing techniques.

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Abstract: This article investigates whether differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry can be used to monitor land subsidence. The principle of the technique and the approach used on a specific case are presented. The high potential of differential SAR interferometry to monitor a wide range of deformation velocities ranging from fast (m/year) to slow (mm/year) was demonstrated by the generation of subsidence maps for sites in Germany, Mexico, and Italy. The SAR interferometric displacement maps are validated with available leveling data. Differential SAR interferometry is suitable for operational monitoring of land subsidence due to the accuracy of the maps produced, the extensive SAR data archive over the past 10 years, the expected continued availability of SAR data, and the maturity of the required processing techniques. A strategy for the integration of leveling, global positioning systems, and SAR data is proposed in order to achieve an accurate, rational and cost-effective monitoring.

...read moreread less

193 citations