Intergeneric hybridization of Trichoderma reesei QM9414 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3288 by protoplast fusion
TL;DR: An attempt to produce ethanol from a cellulosic substrate by a single-stage process using intergeneric hybrids obtained from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3288 fusants is described, showing the highest synthesis of ethanol from filter paper cellulose.
About: This article is published in Enzyme and Microbial Technology.The article was published on 1994-10-01. It has received 10 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Trichoderma reesei & Protoplast.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, cellulose component of chaff, pretreated by electron beam irradiation and subsequent pulverization, was effectively hydrolysed by the immobilized enzyme beads, in which the conversion (hydrolysis) yield in the repeated batch enzyme reactions with 10% chaff slurry was 53%.
47 citations
TL;DR: One fusant was obtained which maintained biocontrol activity during storage for up to a year and differed from the morphologically similar parent in the production of secondary metabolites.
39 citations
Cites background or methods from "Intergeneric hybridization of Trich..."
...Protoplast fusions have been performed with Trichoderma species for interstrain (Pe’er & Chet 1990, Sivan & Harman 1991, Stasz, Harman & Weeden 1988), interspecific (Stasz, Harman & Gullino 1989), and even intergeneric crosses (Kumari & Panda 1994, Nutsubidze et al. 1991)....
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...Progeny from other protoplast fusions have been reported to differ from the parental strains in characteristics such as pigmentation (Shin & Cho 1993, Kumari & Panda 1994), secondary metabolite production (Kumari & Panda 1994) and nutritional status (Stasz et al. 1989, Kumari & Panda 1994)....
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...Variability in secondary metabolite production has been reported in the progeny from other protoplast fusions (Nutsubidze et al. 1991, Kumari & Panda 1994)....
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...It has been used to combine characteristics such as cellulose decomposition and ethanol production (Kumari & Panda 1994) and to improve rhizosphere competence in T. harzianum (Sivan & Harman 1991)....
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TL;DR: Single-stage direct bioconversion of cellulosic materials to citric acid using intergeneric hybrids obtained from three different Trichoderma species and Aspergillus niger was carried out and can be successfully applied in the construction of 14 new genetic fusants, which produced at least 100% morecitric acid than the citric Acid producer strain A. niger.
Abstract: Single-stage direct bioconversion of cellulosic materials to citric acid using intergeneric hybrids obtained from three different Trichoderma species and Aspergillus niger was carried out. The recent results were obtained on the basis of either resistance or sensitivity to one or more of five metal ions, two catabolite repressors, and five antifungal agents, which were used in this study at different concentrations. Sixty-six fusants were isolated after using the three intergeneric protoplast fusion experiments, belonging to two types of intergeneric fusants. Fusants of the first type are heterokaryons (35 fusants). On the other hand, those of the second type are haploids (31 fusants), i.e. they were stable. The present study can be successfully applied in the construction of 14 new genetic fusants, which produced at least 100% more citric acid than the citric acid producer strain A. niger. Out of the fusants, three (1/18,2/13 and 2/15) showed about a threefold increase of citric acid production in comparison with the parent A. niger strain. Furthermore, studies on DNA content showed that this finding may be submitted on the evidence that citric acid and cellulases production was not correlated with DNA content; however, the productivity depends on specific DNA content.
28 citations
TL;DR: Biocontrol agents great affected Fusarium growth in dual cultures and reduced it under laboratory conditions and minimized the disease parameters in comparing with infested control treatments by the most aggressive isolate under greenhouse condition.
Abstract: Eight isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum; the causal organism of Fusarium wilt of cucumber plants; were isolated from wilted cucumber plant samples collected from eight different localities in Egypt . These isolates were pathogenic to the susceptible cucumber cultivar “Biet alpha”. Isolate 3 was the most virulent, followed by isolate 4 , while the least pathogenic was isolate 5. Potato Dextrose medium was the best medium for linear and amount of growth for all tested isolates, whereas rate of growth varied between the different tested isolates with the different tested media. Optimum temperature for the fungal linear growth was 27°C, followed by 28°C, while the best amount of growth was obtained at 25°C for all tested isolates. Cucumber genotypes were susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum and differed significantly in their susceptibility. The most tolerant cucumber genotype was “Zeina” as well as it recorded the highest survival plants. DNA analysis detected 33 loci with an average 4.125 loci/isolate. The highest number of polymorphic loci was 6 loci in both Fus 1&4 isolates, while the lowest was 1 loci in Fus 6 only. UPGMA cluster analysis divide into two sub clusters, one of them included Fus 6 only and the second include the rest seven isolates with different similarity values. 100 & 614 bp were detected in both highly pathogenic isolates and it could be carrying the genetic information affecting pathogenicity of Fusarium to cucumber plants. Grouping of Trichoderma isolates in UPGMA cluster analysis and variation in DNA profiles among isolates was not related to their biocontrol ability. Biocontrol agents great affected Fusarium growth in dual cultures and reduced it under laboratory conditions. Biocontrol agents minimized the disease parameters in comparing with infested control treatments by the most aggressive isolate under greenhouse condition.
14 citations
TL;DR: Hybrids which were morphologically yeastlike and able to hydrolyze xylan showed a similar chromosomal pattern to the parental yeast when clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis was done.
12 citations
References
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25,389 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a filter paper assay method and unit value is described for the measurement of enzyme saccharification action, which is simple, reproducible, and quantitative and predicts enzyme action under practical conditions.
Abstract: A filter paper assay method and unit value is described for the measurement of enzyme saccharification action. The method is simple, reproducible, and quantitative and predicts enzyme action under practical saccharification conditions. (JSR)
505 citations
TL;DR: Experiments with Aspergillus nidulans show that benlate radically alters the stability of diploid strains.
Abstract: BENOMYL is the proprietary name of the fungicide in which the active ingredient is benlate (methyl 1-(butyl carbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate). After extensive trials over the past few years it has been widely reported to be effective in controlling many phytopathogenic fungi and was released for commercial use in 1969. I wish to draw attention to experiments with Aspergillus nidulans which show that benlate radically alters the stability of diploid strains.
190 citations
TL;DR: Heterokaryon formation, at high frequency, after induced intraspecific fusion between protoplasts of auxotrophs of Penicillium chryosogiwim, P .
Abstract: Although protoplast fusion is of current interest because of its possibilities in pure and applied genetics, only a few reports exist on intraspecific fusion between fungal protoplasts and subsequent selection of heterokaryons. Naturally-occurring fusion between protoplasts of Geotrichum candidurn (Ferenczy, Kevei & Zsolt, I 974) and Aspergillz4s nidulans (Ferenczy, Kevei & Szegedi, I 975) has been reported. Binding & Weber (1974) described fusion between protoplasts of Phycomyces blakc~slceanus induced by seawater or calcium ions at high pH, but the frequency of heterokaryon formation was low in all cases. We here report heterokaryon formation, at high frequency, after induced intraspecific fusion between protoplasts of auxotrophs of Penicillium chryosogiwim, P . putulurn, P. roquejortii, A. nidulans, A . niger and Cephalosporium acrernonium, and fusion between protoplasts of P. chrysogenu~?z and P. rzotutunz auxotrophs, using solutions containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) mol.wt. 6000.
157 citations
TL;DR: The protoplast fusion technique, in providing a mechanism by which genetic recombination can be readily achieved, should be of great potential in empirical breeding and strain improvement.
101 citations