Book•
Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the relative growth performance of Australia, New Zealand and Ireland concentrating on the underlying components of labour productivity, particularly efficiency change and technical change.
Abstract: t is generally accepted that productivity growth is a major source of economic growth and welfare improvement. Labour productivity has accounted for roughly half of the growth in per capita GDP in the OECD over the last two decades, with the other half primarily accounted for by increases in labour utilisation, that is, changes in the demographics, unemployment and labour force participation rates. For this reason, productivity is of vital interest to economists and policymakers. An understanding of technical and efficiency change, two key factors in productivity growth, is thus important in policy decision-making. Academics and policy makers continue to debate the relative contributions of shocks and policy changes impacting on population growth, capital accumulation, microeconomic behaviour and technological advance. Different policy settings impact on both aggregate performance and the productivity of sectors and factors. This paper presents an analysis of the relative growth performance of Australia, New Zealand and Ireland concentrating on the underlying components of labour productivity, particularly efficiency change and technical change. Such analysis is important to policy decisions of countries seeking to improve their relative international position and outlook. It is important that policymakers identify sustainable productivity changes (largely driven by technological change) separately from measured productivity change. This separation facilitates assessment of the extent to which technology adoption and diffusion contribute to a productivity catch-up. This work is similar in many respects to rec ent studies undertaken by the OECD (2004a), but with important methodological differences introduced by Margaritis, Fare and Grosskopf (2005). The individual contributions of industry productivity growth and sectoral composition to aggregate productivity are also considered. The novelty of the productivity measurement and analysis used by Margaritis, Fare and Grosskopf is that it ‘derives from a decomposition of the growth in labour productivity in terms of (a) technical change both neutral and biased, (b) efficiency change, and (c) capital accumulation’. Each component’s contribution to the growth in labour productivity can then be assessed. The paper proceeds as follows. We outline the relative economic growth performance of Australia, New Zealand and Ireland over the period 1979-2002,
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the efficiency of investment in innovation with the use of the DEA model and found that the so-called laggards in innovation are often efficient in their use of resources, whereas leaders of innovation fall short in the area of returns to scale and congestion.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to clarify whether or not the so-called innovation leaders are efficient in transforming innovation inputs into outputs. The study aims to expand on the thought that the level of inputs is decisive in classification of countries as leaders, followers, or laggards in the race to improve innovativeness and competitiveness, and thus raise the standard of living. Based upon the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS), the efficiency of investment in innovation is examined with the use of the DEA model. The use of the EIS as the main source imposes a limitation on the scope of the countries examined, yet the EIS is essentially the only comprehensive source that examines innovativeness. It is observed that the so-called laggards in innovation are often efficient in their use of resources, whereas leaders of innovation fall short in the area of returns to scale and congestion. Such an observation provides an important guide to the development of policies aimed at improving innovative efforts. Finally, through the use of the nonparametric DEA model, this paper provides a methodological extension to the methods for investigation of innovation systems.
13 citations
Dissertation•
09 Feb 2012
TL;DR: Partant du constat de la nature encore relativement ambigue du concept de developpement territorial, these en propose uneapproche a la fois plus rigoureuse and plus large que la simple identification de ce dernier avec le developement economique as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Partant du constat de la nature encore relativement ambigue du concept de developpement territorial, cette these en propose uneapproche a la fois plus rigoureuse et plus large que la simple identification de ce dernier avec le developpement economique Le chemind’analyse choisi s’articule en quatre phases, chacune traitee dans un chapitre differentTout d’abord, par le biais d’une breve analyse historique des relations entre la pensee politique, au sens de la gestion des affaires dela cite, et la pensee economique, ce travail met en lumiere les raisons qui ont permis au fur et a mesure a la sphere economique de s’imposer,et de revetir ainsi le role de finalite du developpement quittant celui de simple instrument Et, en effet, a certaines conditions, l’amalgamepeut etre justifie, notamment en presence d’insuffisance des moyens de chacun pour assurer la couverture de ses propres besoinsPuisque le fait de faire reposer le developpement des territoires sur l’aspect economique conduit implicitement a considerer commeperenne cette condition d’insuffisance, nous avons souhaite verifier si les approches les plus courantes de la theorie economique etaient enmesure de prendre en compte les situations d’opulence A cette fin, nous avons relâche l’hypothese de non-satiete, qui est implicite tant dansla convexite des courbes d’indifference en microeconomie que dans la « loi psychologique » de la Theorie Generale de KeynesL’elargissement de la theorie economique a la condition de satiete, creusee sur le plan theorique et confrontee a la realite au cours dela these, conduit a avoir un regard tres eloigne des representations habituelles des faits economiques Et, une fois l’analyse elargie auxrelations entre territoires differents, on peut demontrer, a partir d’une perspective purement economique, la nature contradictoire des finaliteseconomiques du developpementEnfin, adoptant l’optique des territoires comme « construits sociaux », la these avance une proposition alternative, fondee sur leslibertes d’etre et de faire et leur elargissement progressif, selon une logique voisine de l’approche par les capabilites d’ASen, sans pourautant s’y reduire Cette demarche permet de mettre en coherence l’economique et le non economique, dans une perspective qui integrepleinement le concept de durabilite selon la proposition du Rapport Brundtland de 1987 et qui se cristallise dans un nouvel indicateursynthetique de developpement, la « creation d’espace de developpement »
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a market-based approach to the discovery and allocation of water-related ecosystem services at the transboundary level, based on concepts in law and economics.
Abstract: In the face of water scarcity, growing water demands, population increase, ecosystem degradation, or climate change, transboundary watercourse states inevitably have to make difficult decisions on how finite quantities of water are distributed. Such waters, and their associated ecosystem services, offer multiple benefits. Valuation and bargaining can play a key role in the sharing of these ecosystems services and their associated benefits across sovereign borders. Ecosystem services in transboundary watercourses essentially constitute a portfolio of assets. While challenging, their commodification, which creates property rights, supports trading. Such trading offers a means by which to resolve conflicts over competing uses and allows states to optimise their ‘portfolios’. However, despite this potential, adoption of appropriate treaty frameworks that might facilitate a market-based approach to the discovery and allocation of water-related ecosystem services at the transboundary level remains both a challenge and a topic worthy of further study. Drawing upon concepts in law and economics, this paper therefore seeks to advance the study of how treaty frameworks might be developed in a way that supports such a market-based approach to ecosystem services and transboundary waters.
13 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...Varian (2010) describes the link between missing markets and negative externalities....
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