Book•
Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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17 Feb 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a modelo de negociacion bilateral for conflict resolution in sistemas multi-agente (SMA) is proposed, where the goal is to find an agreement among all the parties involved in the negotiation.
Abstract: Los sistemas multi-agente (SMA) son sistemas distribuidos donde entidades autonomas llamadas agentes, ya sean humanos o software, persiguen sus propios objetivos. El paradigma de SMA ha sido propuesto como la aproximacion de modelo apropiada para aplicaciones como el comercio electronico, los sistemas multi-robot, aplicaciones de seguridad, etc. En la comunidad de SMA, la vision de sistemas multi-agente abiertos, donde agentes heterogeneos pueden entrar y salir del sistema dinamicamente, ha cobrado fuerza como paradigma de modelado debido a su relacion conceptual con tecnologias como la Web, la computacion grid, y las organizaciones virtuales. Debido a la heterogeneidad de los agentes, y al hecho de dirigirse por sus propios objetivos, el conflicto es un fenomeno candidato a aparecer en los sistemas multi-agente. En los ultimos anos, el termino tecnologias del acuerdo ha sido usado para referirse a todos aquellos mecanismos que, directa o indirectamente, promueven la resolucion de conflictos en sistemas computacionales como los sistemas multi-agente. Entre las tecnologias del acuerdo, la negociacion automatica ha sido propuesta como uno de los mecanismos clave en la resolucion de conflictos debido a su uso analogo en la resolucion de conflictos entre humanos. La negociacion automatica consiste en el intercambio automatico de propuestas llevado a cabo por agentes software en nombre de sus usuarios. El objetivo final es conseguir un acuerdo con todas las partes involucradas. Pese a haber sido estudiada por la Inteligencia Artificial durante anos, distintos problemas todavia no han sido resueltos por la comunidad cientifica todavia. El principal objetivo de esta tesis es proponer modelos de negociacion para escenarios complejos donde la complejidad deriva de (1) las limitaciones computacionales o (ii) la necesidad de representar las preferencias de multiples individuos. En la primera parte de esta tesis proponemos un modelo de negociacion bilateral para el problema de
10 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...In economics, these preferences are represented using indifference curves (Varian, 2005), but in this form they cannot be compared....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a game-theoretical model was used to investigate the impact of a new approach to policy design within the photovoltaic (PV) industry and found that the government should properly control the PV market entry, implement a balanced subsidy program and encourage a healthy competition among multiple PV supply chains to balance the operational performance of PV supply chain and the effects of government subsidy on the improvement of market out and social welfare.
Abstract: In the past decade, subsidy policies aimed at demand-side of photovoltaic (PV) supply chains have created a dilemma While they foster the growth of the PV industry, they also induce overcapacity problems to the society As a result, many governments have cut back subsidies to PV system users These subsidy reductions hurt PV enterprises and their supply chains that are now facing lost business To rescue enterprises, but not the market, an appropriate supply-side oriented subsidy policy is urgently needed It is also important that different stakeholders on a PV supply chain develop closer collaborations to enhance their competitiveness against their rival PV supply chains In this paper, we use game-theoretical models to investigate the impact of this new approach to policy design within the PV industry Our findings suggest that the government should properly control the PV market entry, implement a balanced subsidy program and encourage a healthy competition among multiple PV supply chains to balance the operational performance of PV supply chains and the effects of government subsidy on the improvement of market out and social welfare Under such a governance and subsidy program, a moderate combination of operational strategies will be the robust strategic response for multiple PV supply chains in a competitive environment
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, agricultural externalities are reviewed as a source of market failure and as a reason for a lack of sustainability of agricultural incomes and production, and the economic practicality of agricultural environmental policies when account is taken of transaction costs and knowledge limitations, as well as the political and social acceptability of such policies.
Abstract: This paper reviews agricultural externalities as a source of market failure and as a reason for a lack of sustainability of agricultural incomes and production. It concentrates mainly on environmental externalities (which include biodiversity loss) but consideration is also given to externalities involving adverse selection. Types of agricultural externalities are classified and their nature is explored. Depending on their type and nature, different policy implications often follow. For example, no intervention may be required, or it may be reasonable for a farmer to have to pay to create an unfavourable externality or be paid to moderate or eliminate it. Adverse selection is also an externality phenomenon and some of its implications for agricultural policy are explored. Traditionally, environmental economics has focused on economic efficiency in formulating policies for environmental regulation but equity is also important in relation to public policy. The implications of various equity principles for designing policies to address the occurrence of agricultural externalities are outlined. Attention is subsequently centred on the economic practicality of agricultural environmental policies when account is taken of transaction costs and knowledge limitations, as well as the political and social acceptability of such policies. These factors can alter the choice of ideal policies. Biodiversity change (conservation and loss) involving agriculture is considered as a particular case. By showing the relevance for agricultural policy of diverse foci, this study accords with the polycentric approach of Konrad Hagedorn. His approach should make us wary of cut-and-dried specific but narrow policy solutions that characterise traditional environmental economics. The "exactitude" of these solutions appears in many cases to be obtained at the expense of relevance.
10 citations
Additional excerpts
...(Akerloff, 1970; Varian, 1987, pp. 630-635)....
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Dissertation•
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a Table of Table of Tables of Table 1.1.2.3 and Table 2.3.4.1 of the table of Table 3.
Abstract: ............. ......................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. iv Table of
10 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...The slope of the PPF at any given point measures the marginal rate of transformation, which is the rate at which one output can be transformed into another output (Varian, 2006)....
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