Book•
Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the interdependence of the agro-food sectors by a Leontief input-output model and their linkages to other sectors and additionally, the amount, direction and dispersion of the possible demand shock.
Abstract: The `Chocolate law’ in Switzerland enables subsidies for dairy and wheat farmers, bound to the condition that their products are exported after processing (Swiss Federation, 2011). Though the Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization has decided in December 2015 that this law has to be abolished by 2021 [WTO, 2015]. Cutting subsidies might lead to a demand shock and consequently a cropped domestic production (Miller and Blair, 1985). We analysed in this study the interdependence of the agro-food sectors by a Leontief input-output model and their linkages to other sectors (Chereny and Watanabe, 1958, Leontief 1986) and additionally, the amount, direction and dispersion of the possible demand shock. Hence, non-meat food processors and dairy processing were determined as key sectors as they have strong linkage effects and are rather concentrated to few sectors. Both sectors rely strongly on the output of the raw milk producers and have few sectors to sell their products. Outside of the cut sectors, these sectors will be challenged the most from this new policy.
4 citations
Cites background or methods from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...This conclusion was also given by the established textbooks on economics as from Mankiw (2014) or Varian (2010)....
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...Governmental interferences led to market distortions regarding the price, quantity and so the surpluses (Varian, 2010)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a global dynamic multiregional computable general equilibrium model to analyze the comparative economic impacts of the 2006 softwood lumber agreement between Canada and the United States over the 2007-2013 period and the extent to which Canadian Provinces made a favorable choice of export tax border measure options.
Abstract: We use a global dynamic multiregional computable general equilibrium model to analyze the comparative economic impacts of the 2006 softwood lumber agreement between Canada and the United States over the 2007–2013 period and the extent to which Canadian Provinces made a favorable choice of export tax border measure options. Results show that the agreement was effective in curtailing Canada’s softwood lumber entry into the United States market. It benefited the United States producers through increased stumpage rates, whereas the United States consumers lost marginally in welfare due to increased price index while gaining in household income. Canadian producers compensated for their loss of market share in the United States by redirecting their exports to rest of the world market. All Canadian Provinces except Saskatchewan and Ontario made a favorable choice of the export tax border measure options from a consumer welfare perspective. However, alternative export border control measure choices could have had more favorable impacts on other economic variables in these and other Provinces.
4 citations
Dissertation•
05 Apr 2012
4 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...A Pareto efficient allocation is one where it is impossible to re-allocate commodities or factors of production that would make one person better off without making somebody else worse off (Varian, 2005)....
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DOI•
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretic and algorithm-based approach is proposed to solve the problem of finding the optimal solution to a set of optimization problems in a blockheizkraftwerk, where the goal is to find a solution that maximizes the Energieeffiziente Losung.
Abstract: Multikriterielle Optimierungsprobleme verfugen uber keine Losung, die optimal in jeder Zielfunktion ist. Die Schwierigkeit solcher Probleme liegt darin eine Kompromisslosung zu finden, die den Praferenzen des Entscheiders genugen, der den Kompromiss implementiert. Skalarisierung – die Abbildung des Vektors der Zielfunktionswerte auf eine reelle Zahl – identifiziert eine einzige Losung als globales Praferenzenoptimum um diese Probleme zu losen. Allerdings generieren Skalarisierungsmethoden keine zusatzlichen Informationen uber andere Kompromisslosungen, die die Praferenzen des Entscheiders bezuglich des globalen Optimums verandern konnten. Um dieses Problem anzugehen stellt diese Dissertation eine theoretische und algorithmische Analyse skalarisierter Praferenzen bereit. Die theoretische Analyse besteht aus der Entwicklung eines Ordnungsrahmens, der Praferenzen als Problemtransformationen charakterisiert, die praferierte Untermengen der Paretofront definieren. Skalarisierung wird als Transformation der Zielmenge in diesem Ordnungsrahmen dargestellt. Des Weiteren werden Axiome vorgeschlagen, die wunschenswerte Eigenschaften von Skalarisierungsfunktionen darstellen. Es wird gezeigt unter welchen Bedingungen existierende Skalarisierungsfunktionen diese Axiome erfullen. Die algorithmische Analyse kennzeichnet Praferenzen anhand des Resultats, das ein Optimierungsalgorithmus generiert. Zwei neue Paradigmen werden innerhalb dieser Analyse identifiziert. Fur beide Paradigmen werden Algorithmen entworfen, die skalarisierte Praferenzeninformationen verwenden: Praferenzen-verzerrte Paretofrontapproximationen verteilen Punkte uber die gesamte Paretofront, fokussieren aber mehr Punkte in Regionen mit besseren Skalarisierungswerten; multimodale Praferenzenoptima sind Punkte, die lokale Skalarisierungsoptima im Zielraum darstellen. Ein Drei-Stufen-Algorith\-mus wird entwickelt, der lokale Skalarisierungsoptima approximiert und verschiedene Methoden werden fur die unterschiedlichen Stufen evaluiert. Zwei Realweltprobleme werden vorgestellt, die die Nutzlichkeit der beiden Algorithmen illustrieren. Das erste Problem besteht darin Fahrplane fur ein Blockheizkraftwerk zu finden, die die erzeugte Elektrizitat und Warme maximieren und den Kraftstoffverbrauch minimiert. Praferenzen-verzerrte Approximationen generieren mehr Energie-effiziente Losungen, unter denen der Entscheider seine favorisierte Losung auswahlen kann, indem er die Konflikte zwischen den drei Zielen abwagt. Das zweite Problem beschaftigt sich mit der Erstellung von Fahrplanen fur Gerate in einem Wohngebaude, so dass Energiekosten, Kohlenstoffdioxidemissionen und thermisches Unbehagen minimiert werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass lokale Skalarisierungsoptima Fahrplane darstellen, die eine gute Balance zwischen den drei Zielen bieten. Die Analyse und die Experimente, die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt werden, ermoglichen es Entscheidern bessere Entscheidungen zu treffen indem Methoden angewendet werden, die mehr Optionen generieren, die mit den Praferenzen der Entscheider ubereinstimmen.
4 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the welfare gain from increasing the tax rate on the purchase of electric cars from 8 to 37 percent was shown to lead to an increase in GHG emissions in the long run.
Abstract: This study finds that the welfare gain, excluding environmental effects, generated by increasing the Norwegian tax rate on purchase of electric cars from 8 to 37 percent amounts to approximately 5500- 6500 NOK (or 680-820 euro) per ton increase in GHG emissions in the long run. Substantial tax exemptions implies that reallocation from electric cars towards petrol and diesel powered cars generates a tax revenue gain of more than 40 billion NOK, which amounts to almost 10 percent of government consumption in 2007.
4 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...Such demand functions can be exploited to calculate the sum of consumer surplus across a number of consumers, see Varian (1999)....
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