Book•
Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the feasibility of increasing income and generating employment in the context of a traditional labour intensive rural industry with strong linkages to an agriculturally backward economy, using primary data from four villages of Peruvian North Sierra.
Abstract: Is it feasible to increase income and generate employment in the context of a traditional labour intensive rural industry with strong linkages to an agriculturally backward economy? In order to address this issue, primary data from four villages of Peruvian North Sierra was used. The case of the hat making activity, employing exclusively family labour, purchasing the main input (straw, paja de palma) from Ecuador, and with consumers concentrated on villages and small towns, was investigated. The analysis was made at the market level. Considering the context of a self-employment activity, a theoretical framework was developed to explain the determinants of labour demand, input demand, hat output and labour return. Demand and supply constraints to the expansion of hat making activity were found. Important differences in the value of labour marginal product across the sample were identified. These were mainly associated with the use of varied input quality. Growth based on local demand would not be viable given falls in consumer incomes - mainly farmers - and expected changes in consumer preferences; therefore the growth motor would rest more in market expansion and product diversification to urban consumers.
4 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes an architecture capable of reducing network congestion caused by the intense use of non-cooperative traffic, and an implementation of the architecture is made and tests show the effectiveness of the proposal in a real network scenario.
Abstract: This paper proposes an architecture capable of reducing network congestion caused by the intense use of non-cooperative traffic. A charging scheme is imposed to all traffic that is carried over the UDP protocol (non-cooperative) given its intrinsic priority over TCP. Prices are calculated according to the degree of starvation undergone by cooperative TCP flows. When TCP flows experience a low performance, charges are high for non-cooperative flows and so the architecture tends to block new incoming UDP traffic. Knowledge about flows status is obtained through the use of flow protocol technology. Resources are reserved using firewall rules and custom-queueing mechanisms. An implementation of the architecture is made and tests show the effectiveness of our proposal in a real network scenario.
4 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...Marginal utility is an important concept since it can be associated to the price consumer agrees to pay for an extra unit of product (or service) [31]....
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...Utility is an Economics concept that express the level of satisfaction a customer may have from the consumption of goods or services [31]....
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TL;DR: This paper determines the optimal CAC strategy in UMTS systems based on pricing using two pricing schemes, flat pricing and a service-based one where the user pays for what he gets.
4 citations
04 Oct 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, an IT-enabled risk assessment approach can effectively eliminate the G2B information asymmetry and solve the adverse selection problem in the Government-to-Business (G2B) relationship building.
Abstract: Building collaborative relationships with trusted businesses is a long-term strategy for EU governments. Recently, the realisation of this goal has become more visible with the emerging concept of the Authorised Economic Operator (AEO). Businesses in the member states can apply for the AEO certificate from government. The aim for granting AEO is to create possible 'win-win' situation with increased trade efficiency and lowered administrative burden. However, without proper selection mechanism, this policy can be misunderstood/misused due to asymmetric information between the government and businesses. In this paper, we focus on modelling the cause and effect of the adverse selection in the Government-to-Business (G2B) relationship building. We argue that an IT-enabled risk assessment approach can effectively eliminate the G2B information asymmetry and solve the adverse selection problem. The business model of AEO assessment is built to give a real-life example on how IT-enabled risk management approach can help with collaborative G2B relationships building.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated modelling approach was developed to analyze the market effects of HPAI control in the Dutch layer sector. But this approach included an extensive epidemiological simulation, farm level costs calculation and conversion, and partial equilibrium (PE) modelling, and the results showed a remarkable impact of the pyramidal production chain structure on market effects.
Abstract: To analyze the market effects of HPAI control in the Dutch layer sector an integrated modelling approach was developed to simulate these effects. This approach included (1) an extensive epidemiological simulation, (2) farm level costs calculation and conversion, and (3) partial equilibrium (PE) modelling of the Dutch layer sector. Model structure and behavioural equations of the latter are described. The basis for the analysis of model behaviour were simulated HPAI epidemics which resulted in changes of stocks, i.e. shocks. These epidemics were simulated for different regions, control strategies and severity. Using the epidemiological input subsequently model behaviour was analyzed on the impacts of supply and demand shocks, trade bans and channeling restrictions. The results showed a remarkable impact of the pyramidal production chain structure on the market effects: culling of parent stock during the epidemic could result in an under-capacity of subsequent levels of the production chain with associated price effects. In some cases, restoring the starting situation could take 3 years. Moreover, different and sometimes conflicting market effects per chain level could be observed. Finally, the impact of demand shocks and the potential for channeling to industrial processing of eggs was observed. The results were discussed in view of conceptual validity and internal model verification, data validity and operational validity. It was concluded that this modelling approach provides a suitable basis for extensive analysis of market effects of HPAI epidemics.
4 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...Consumer surplus is calculated following (Varian, 1990) as aggregate willingness to pay less budget expenditure....
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