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Intermediate microeconomics : A modern approach
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined empirically factors affecting consumer demand for counterfeit goods were analyzed and found that student sensitivity to the counterfeit problem did not significantly deter the purchase of counterfeit goods.
Abstract: Purpose – The production, distribution and consumption of counterfeit goods have been increasing at an alarming rate. Current legislation addresses the supply side of the problem, but not the demand side of the problem. The purpose of this paper is to examine, empirically, factors affecting consumer demand for counterfeit goods were analyzed.Design/methodology/approach – The economic theory of consumer demand provided the theoretical framework. Data were collected from students enrolled at a major mid‐western university, and logistic regression was used to estimate demand functions for counterfeit goods.Findings – The results indicated that student sensitivity to the counterfeit problem did not significantly deter the purchase of counterfeit goods.Research limitations/implications – Educators in textiles and apparel should have a vested interest in providing education about counterfeiting, resulting in students with greater sensitivity to the issue.Originality/value – The production, distribution and cons...
78 citations
Cites background from "Intermediate microeconomics : A mod..."
...From this perspective, consumers maximize their utility subject to their budget constraint from which demand functions for various goods and services are derived ( Varian, 1999...
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30 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the characteristics of access policies implemented in the telecommunications, electricity supply, natural gas and railways industries, and use the lessons learned from these experiences to propose a model suitable for the port industry.
Abstract: textThe problem of access arises in industries where inputs from monopolistic and competitive markets are complementarily needed to provide a service. In these circumstances, the firm controlling the monopolistic segment has incentives to deter competition in the competitive segments (markets) to recover profits foregone by regulation (Paredes, 1997). In the port industry, for example, a number of services need to be jointly provided to complete the logistics chain: pilotage, towage, stevedoring, storage, etc. Without any of these, cargo cannot be delivered. In ports where a terminal constitutes a natural monopoly, an integrated terminal operator has incentives to deter competition in the markets of services that are necessary to complete the logistics chain, since this would allow him to charge disproportionate prices and extract monopolistic rents. This strategy can be implemented by preferential treatment to itself or sister companies, or by restricting competitors access to the terminal.
To avoid such situations from occurring, regulators have two options. They can either (i) forbid integration between terminal operators and carriers or, (ii) establish a framework under which all service providers are allowed to access and use the terminal under reasonable conditions. As suggested by Vickers (1995), the first option (vertical separation) may create non-trivial transaction costs that result in higher prices for the consumers, for which the second option (the implementation of access policies) constitutes a more desirable policy. However, formulating access policies is not an easy task. If access conditions are too high, a limited number of entrants will use the terminal, allowing providers to obtain economic rents. If conditions are too relaxed, an excess of entry may occur, thus reducing the terminal operator’s incentives to adequately maintain and expand the infrastructure (Laffont and Tirole 1994).
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the characteristics of access policies implemented in the telecommunications, electricity supply, natural gas and railways industries, and to use the lessons learned from these experiences to propose a model suitable for the port industry.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of internationalization on retail-firm performance is examined. And the authors find that the relationship between internationalization and performance is U-shaped, and moderated by mergers and acquisitions, age at entry to international markets and country of origin.
77 citations
TL;DR: This article found that standing 8 hours per day reduced early awakening and made sleep more restorative, even though more standing was associated with less sleep, while drinking unflavored fructose water had a similar effect.
Abstract: Little is known about how to generate plausible new scientific ideas. So it is noteworthy that 12 years of self-experimentation led to the discovery of several surprising cause-effect relationships and suggested a new theory of weight control, an unusually high rate of new ideas. The cause-effect relationships were: (1) Seeing faces in the morning on television decreased mood in the evening (>10 hrs later) and improved mood the next day (>24 hrs later), yet had no detectable effect before that (0–10 hrs later). The effect was strongest if the faces were life-sized and at a conversational distance. Travel across time zones reduced the effect for a few weeks. (2) Standing 8 hours per day reduced early awakening and made sleep more restorative, even though more standing was associated with less sleep. (3) Morning light (1 hr/day) reduced early awakening and made sleep more restorative. (4) Breakfast increased early awakening. (5) Standing and morning light together eliminated colds (upper respiratory tract infections) for more than 5 years. (6) Drinking lots of water, eating low-glycemic-index foods, and eating sushi each caused a modest weight loss. (7) Drinking unflavored fructose water caused a large weight loss that has lasted more than 1 year. While losing weight, hunger was much less than usual. Unflavored sucrose water had a similar effect. The new theory of weight control, which helped discover this effect, assumes that flavors associated with calories raise the body-fat set point: The stronger the association, the greater the increase. Between meals the set point declines. Self-experimentation lasting months or years seems to be a good way to generate plausible new ideas.
76 citations
TL;DR: Using the random stochastic frontier model, the authors examined the technical efficiency of the English football Premier League from 1998/99 to 2003/04, and recommended the implementation of common policies as well as policies by clusters.
76 citations